Examples of winners and losers from international trade Research Paper

Examples of winners and losers from international trade - Research Paper Example Also known as the sellers. The main aim of trade is to get profits and this is greatly received by the producers of the Chinese products that are exported to other countries such as USA. International trade also exists between countries such as Brazil and Japan. Japan is a renowned producer of motor vehicles, non-electrical machinery, tools and mechanical apparatus, iron and steel products just to name a few. Brazil on the other hand is a renowned exporter of soybean, orange juice, iron ore, oil, coffee and raw sugar. Trade between these two countries has winners and losers just like the previously mentioned between USA and China. The winners in the trade are the consumers in the country buying the products. For example in this case, when Brazil exports its products to Japan, the winners are the consumers or the people buying the products in Japan. Other winners are the producers of the products in Brazil who sell the produce or export the produce to Japan. The losers involved in thi s example of trade are the producers of the similar type of imported products in Japan. The producers of the similar type of products imported are losers because they will not have market for their products in Japan. The consumers of the exported products in Brazil are also losers in the trade. This is because most products produced are exported hence there will not be available products for the consumers to use. International trade involves several laws. One of them being the law of comparative advantage. The law of comparative advantage is a fundamental economic principle that explains the disparities experienced in trade between rich and poor nations. It states that every country production...International trade involves several laws. One of them being the law of comparative advantage. The law of comparative advantage is a fundamental economic principle that explains the disparities experienced in trade between rich and poor nations. It states that every country production activi ty that provides a lower opportunity cost than that of another country. It explains how and why there is an inclination by technologically superior countries to purchase goods from technologically inferior countries. This in essence means that both the trading nations can benefit mutually by each country producing goods with lower levels of opportunity costs. This is aimed at balancing the economies of scale as far as international trade is concerned. This can be further divided into two related concepts: †¢ Absolute Advantage: This refers to the ability of a country to produce more goods using fewer resources. This in most cases is facilitated by superior technology as employed in the processes of production, manufacturing and transportation therefore developed nations have an absolute advantage over the developing nations which are yet to utilize technology in its entirety. Hence the developing nations are mainly net importers while most developed nations are net exporters. †¢ Comparative Advantage This is the ability of a country to produce one type of food at a much lower opportunity cost than other goods, as compared to production in other countries.

Nihilism of the Female Gender Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Nihilism of the Female Gender - Essay Example The Lowrider magazine is a monthly that focuses solely on the Lowrider model of cars. The magazine relies mostly on female models to advertise its cars. These advertisements normally contain images of the cars themselves, almost naked women and other graphics depicting the allure of the vehicles. While many may claim that depicting women as sexual objects is good for business, it does not that doing so is right. The use of demoralizing gender depictions in media advertising is both stereotypical and inhuman. Lowrider magazine is just one example of how women allow themselves to be used in derogatory situations just so as to please other people. The advert in the August issue of Lowrider magazine under discussion is featured under the article 1963 Chevrolet Impala - Ladies Night Out by Mike Landers. The advert is a two-page spread that specifically features a beautiful model sitting on the rear end of a sporty lowrider (car). The car being advertised is multicolored, most of it black, orange and yellow. Images of naked or scantily dressed women mark its decoration. Although the car covers a significant portion of the advert, the scantily dressed model is central in the picture. The woman has a broad smile on her face and assumes a sexy pose; her breasts thrust forward and her butts thrust in the opposite direction in a near sitting position. The woman is positioned close to the shiny spare wheel that is locked at the rear of the 1963 Chevrolet Impala. The beautiful lowrider is colorful and is presented as an object worth admiring, more like the model in stilettos. The words used in this specific advert imply that the car gives a feeling of majesty and designed to give utmost comfort and leisure. J Ayala, the model featured in the magazine is wearing thongs, a beautiful precious bangle on her right hand and white thongs on her breast, her nipples clearly exposed. She is also wearing a white g-string leaving most of her body nakedly exposed. On her ears, Ayala is wearing flowing earrings that match her bra partly covered with her long hair. She has a tattoo on her abdomen near her belly button and decorations of different colors on both of her feet. Her finger and toe nails are well manicured and her face neatly laced with make-up. Lowrider magazine is full of content that highlights the notion that sex sells. Body images of women are used to emphasize the attractiveness of the lowrider cars on sale. The written content is full of sexual innuendo that is meant to attract male customers. On the cover of every magazine issue, there is normally an attractive woman dressed only in bikini and many times standing next to an equally attractive car (Lowrider Magazine). It is clear from the advertisements and content of the Lowrider magazine that the specific target audience are men, mostly those who are aged between 20 and 40 years. Lowriders are well known as being flashy cars, the type that any man between 20 and 40 years would like to own. It is also a well known fact that sex sells, especially where men are concerned. Therefore, including sex symbols alongside the advertisements is a logical way of improving sales by attracting as many customers as possible. The median age of the target audience is likely to be around 25 to 30 according to the type of adverts on the magazine pages. Many of these men are likely to be single and living on their own and not in their parents’ house. They are economically stable since they can afford the lowriders. Most of the customers and target customers are also likely to be in

Corporate ocial Reponibility Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Corporate ocial Reponibility - Essay Example The buine of Glaxo Laboratorie Ltd expanded greatly with the new market created by the founding of the National Health ervice (NH). In January 2001 Glaxo Wellcome plc and mithKline Beecham plc officially merged to become GlaxomithKline plc. The vault webite give quite a good up-to-date decription of the company: "Cobbled together from four izable and formerly independent pharmaceutical companie, GlaxomithKline i one of the giant of the indutry. In 2003, the company' revenue totaled $38 billion -- good for a profit of nearly $11 billion. In addition to precription medication, Glaxo alo manufacture vaccine, over-the-counter (OTC) drug, oral care product and nutrition drink. In all, the company market more than 1,200 different brand which are old in 130 countrie worldwide. Thi comprehenive product line can be credited to Glaxo' maive $4 billion annual reearch and development budget, a well a to it 40,000 trong ale force -- the larget in the indutry -- that keep thoe product moving out of the warehoue and into the market. Glaxo' annual pharmaceutical ale make up approximately 7 percent of the worldwide market" (www.vault.com). At an international level, intellectual property i protected through the World Trade Organiation' (WTO) Trade Related Apect of Intellectual Property Right (TRIP) Agreement. GK argue that patent and other intellectual property right play a vital role in encouraging the innovation and needed to develop new treatment for many of the mot eriou dieae. "We invet coniderable time and money to develop each new pharmaceutical product - an average of $800m per product. If a new product could immediately be copied and old by other we would not be able to continue to fund new reearch. Thi would dicourage innovation and limit reearch into newer and better medicine and vaccine" (www.gk.com). A well, although the organiation acknowledge the fact that the TRIP agreement limit acce to eential medicine, uch a treatment for AID, it doe not ee them a the key barrier to acce to thee medicine. It argue that countrie hould be improving infratructure and increaing public invetment in health care. GlaxomithKline argue that it policy require that all marketing and promotional activitie are baed on valid cientific evidence, and comply with applicable law and regulation. It alo comply with relevant indutry code of practice, uch a the International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturer Aociation' (IFPMA) Code of Pharmaceutical Marketing Practice and the PhRMA Code on Interaction with Healthcare Profeional. Training i provided for all employee whoe poition require an undertanding of our marketing code, particularly ale repreentative(www.gk.com). GlaxomithKline recognie the importance of preerving the environment and protecting the health and afety of people who work for the company. It ha a comprehenive et of environmental, health and afety programme that provide tructure for our approach. According to GK thee are baed on tandard that apply, without exception, to all of it ite around the world. "Environmental

Chapter 1 problems Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Chapter 1 problems - Assignment Example However, my utility of attending the game will be higher as compared to that of Joe because I had already paid more to get the best seat. Additionally, if we were to draw an indifference curve, I will be at a higher indifference curve than Joe (Frank & Bernanke, 2013). Therefore, my likelihood of attending the game at Syracuse will also be higher than that of Joe. This is because even if I will be late for the game because of the snowstorm I am assured of the best seat unlike Joe who did not even have a ticket to attend the game. The effects of change in price on quantity of garbage collected may be best explained by taking into consideration the law of demand and supply. This law states that when all other factors are held constant (ceteris Paribas) an increase in price may cause a decrease in quantity demanded (Arnold, 2010). On the contrary, a decrease in price may cause an increase in quantity demanded (Arnold, 2010). Therefore, in this case, the garbage was initially collected at $ 6 irrespective of the quantity causing the resident to supply even more cans of garbage. On the other hand, the change in price tag may have two significant effects on quantity of garbage collected. First the quantity of garbage collected will remain the same per average house hold. This is because for each can of garbage to be collected, residents of my city will be paying $2 per can which sum up to $6 for cans per average household. This means that the price per 3 cans will still be the same as the initial fixed price (Arno ld, 2010). The second effect is that, individual house hold may decide to supply less cans of garbage to minimize cost (Arnold, 2010).This is because consumers are rational which means that they always try to minimize cost and maximize their utility subject to their income constraint (Arnold,

IMAX Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

IMAX - Case Study Example IMAX originated in the market since 1967, was popular among all the business organizations. IMAX was the first company in the world getting involved in producing all characteristics of large format films (MPAA, 2009 Case Facts In 1994 Wechsler and Gelfond had purchased the long established business of IMAX Corporation from its traditional owners. The company was purchased for 80 million by the new owners. However, observing the growing competition in the market of movie theaters, the new owners launched the shares for the company to the public in 1994, in order to raise more capital for further business growth of IMAX. The investors who invested in the company started to face high volatility in their profits due to uneven business conditions of IMAX. At this juncture it became a primary matter of problem for all the investors and analysts to forecast sure economic surplus for the company in future in the presence of such growing uncertainties. At the time of the purchase the stock va luation of IMAX in NASDAQ was $196 million while in December 2008 its worth came down to $125 million. Despite of the large number of IMAX theaters in more than 40 countries in the world, the business of the company is decrementing over time (Chakravarty, 2002). Internal and External Constraints The commerce of IMAX is facing several internal and external limitations that have made the analysts worry about the long term success of its business. Internal Constraints The theaters of IMAX may lose its popularity and brand worth because its strategic managers only concentrate in non educational entertainment Hollywood movies. Further, the CEO’s of the company are in a dilemma to sell IMAX to some large media partners like Sony, Time Warner or Disney. The officials are also in a dilemma to release the Hollywood movies in both regular and large formats in IMAX. It is also a matter of internal constraint for the firm managers to analyze the requirement for further rise in Hollywood movie releases in IMAX theaters (Olijnyk, 2002). External Constraints Figure 2: Growing Substitutes of Movies (Source: IVEY, 2009) The number of movie viewers is higher than any other entertainments, as the ticket prices for movies are comparatively low. But it should be analyzed that the growing numbers of substitutes in the market of entertainment have lowered the aggregate movie viewers. Figure 3: Rising number of DVD Consumption in U.S. (Source: IVEY, 2009) The above schedule shows that the total DVD use in U.S. increasing with time, greater use of DVD has lowered visitors in movie theaters. Figure 4: Increasing Movie Ticket Prices (Source: IVEY, 2009) The falling Gross Domestic Product and increasing prices of movie tickets have lowered the total number of theater audiences, although the theater owners virtually find their revenues increasing. Statement of Criteria (Objectives) The objectives of business that IMAX should exhibit for its economic prosperity in future are: To bec ome a niche player in the competitive market of movie theaters. To diversify its operations. To augment the brand loyalty and tap more potential clients. Situation Analysis The context of situation analysis will help the readers

Discussion 5 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Discussion 5 - Assignment Example Your book Chapters 8 and 9 discuss several ways to test the soundness of an argument. Now it is your turn to apply the tests. Go to a website that provides political opinion, such as the Huffington Post. Find a brief article that contains a clear argument. Evaluate the argument for its soundness. Link the article at the end of your response by copying its Web address. Answer: The author highlights the point that congress needs a pay raise so people who arent wealthy can serve by referring to a series of arguments by Rep. Alcee Hasting, such as â€Å"the current system doesnt offer enough incentives for less-affluent citizens to enter public service†. The aforementioned argument with unstated premises can be converted into the following syllogism: Testing the statements for validity by Venn diagram and rules method indicates that the argument is logically valid. However, the evidence presented in support of the premises is rather vague and ambiguous. The annual salary of Congress members is much higher than the median household income in United States. The truth in the prediction that, â€Å"20 years out, the only people that will be able to serve in this institution will be people who are wealthy†, is untestable and probably fallacious. In support of the claim, only three staff members had left and that too ‘suspiciously’. The argument is valid logically, but it lacks soundness because of weak and vague evidence in support of the claims (Valencia, 2015; Moore & Parker, 2015). Valencia, J. (2015, May 19). Rep. Alcee Hastings: Congress needs a pay raise so people who arent wealthy can serve. The Huffington Post. Retrieved from

Red Bulls Market Essay Example for Free

Red Bulls Market Essay A Bulls Market the marketing of Red Bull energy drink Red Bull, Austrias biggest export since Arnold Schwarzenegger, has methodically created and dominated the energy drink category much in the way players of the board game Risk would defeat their opponents. Dietrich Mateschitz, the owner of Red Bull International, created the highly caffeinated beverage in 1987. Five years later, the drink spread into neighboring countries like Hungary and Slovenia, followed by Germany and Switzerland. In 1997, Red Bull prepared to storm the U. S. market. Today, the slinky 8-3-OZ can has completed its invasion into nearly every cold box in the United States. (Ohio, Tennessee and the Dakotas are among the few states without it. ) In less than three years, Red Bull singlehandedly established and then lifted the booming energy drink category from a base of $12 million in (wholesale) dollar sales to $42 million in 1998 and $75 million in 1999, per Beverage Marketing Corp. Others soon followed, building energy drinks to a $130 million business. Now Coke (KMX) and Anheuser-Busch (180) are jumping in. Last year, Red Bulls market share stood at 65%, while the company reportedly pulled in a cool $1 billion in worldwide sales. Just how Red Bull managed to accomplish so much, so quickly has become the stuff of mythology Some have written off the product by calling it a flash in the pan or derisively note that its handlers got lucky. A closer investigation of the companys strategy however, reveals that luck had little to do with Red Bulls success. The companys consistent battle plan has been to open up a market by securing unusual distribution. When Red Bull initially set up camp in Santa Monica, Calif. , it piggybacked on established distributors. Typically distributors will deliver a number of brands; a Pepsi house will handle Pepsi, Diet Pepsi and Mountain Dew, and may even pick up a non-competing rival like Dr Pepper. Sales reps even greased the wheels by paying for their accounts promotional, advertising and sampling costs for three months. But as the drink caught on, the company began taking a more narrow approach. Now, a Red Bull sales rep will contact a small distributor and insist that he or she sell only Red Bull. Otherwise, Red Bull will set up a warehouse and hire kids to load up the vans and deliver product. These start-up distributors can focus their entire energies on getting Red Bull fully stocked in stores with prominent shelf placement. They generally break even within three months and are profitable within six. They buy direct from Red Bull. Theres enough margin and volume to make it work, said one Northeastern distributor. I wish theyd give it to me, but they have the kids with the vans doing it. Im looking forward to getting Snapples Venom [a new energy drink launching June 15] so I can compete with them. Next, the sales team visits key on-premise accounts: hot clubs and trendy bars. When owners begin buying a few cases, they receive a Red Bull branded cooler and other POP items. Thats when we start doing business officially, said Markus Pichler, evp-strategic planning, Red Bull North America. We go to on-premise accounts [vs. retailers] first, because the product gets a lot of visi bility and attention. It goes faster to deal with individual accounts, not big chains and their authorization process. Plus, on-premise provides fertile ground for new drink trends. In clubs, people are open to new things, said Pichler. The most important thing about [Red Bull] is, its working. If you had a tough week and want to dance, the product works. Perhaps a bit too well. Fueling Red Bulls growth is a mystique created by outlandish rumors about its contents: it is liquid Viagra; its secret ingredient is bulls testicles; someone overdosed from the drink because it has drugs in it. (The company shoots down these and other myths in an FAQ section on RedBull. com. Pichler wouldnt talk about Red Bulls natural fit with the speed crowd that frequents raves, taking designer drugs to stay awake for days at a time. Nor does the company endorse the mixing of Red Bull with vodka, Jagermeister or tequila-a ubiquitous bar call whose roots can be traced to Europe. From a sales perspective, Pichler acknowledged, [the mixability] is a nice side effect. Theres more to the guerrilla strategy than building buzz at clubs. Sales teams will open off-premise accounts at convenience stores near colleges, gyms, health-food stores and supermarkets. The company has divided the U. S. into eight decentralized sales units, each of which is handled on a city-by-city basis. One regional office in New York, for example, services Maryland, New Jersey Pennsylvania and Virginia. The Boston office handles the New England states and upstate New York. Each unit is responsible for creating distribution, making sales calls and developing targeted marketing plans. The mission: to find out where the target demo (men and women age 16-29) hangs out and what interests them. Its their job to get the message out to the right clubs and at the right events. While Red Bull relies heavily on bars and night clubs for its sampling events, alternative sports have also proven to be a successful product-trial arena. The company underwrites a number of extreme sports competitions and sponsors about three dozen alterna-athletes. Events include the Red Bull Huckfest, a ski and snowboard freestyle competition held in January in Snowbird, Utah; and the Red Bull Flugtag (German for flying day),premiering in the U. S. this fall. At the latter event, amateur pilots will create exotic flying machines and attempt to soar off the Santa Monica pier. The brand also employs teams of consumer educators, who roam the streets and dangle free samples. With California as its stronghold, Red Bull made its way into Oregon, Settle, Texas and ski resorts in Colorado. It next moved into the Midwest, targeting urban markets like Chicago and its environs. Soon it showed up on the East Coast in Miami and New York. (The Big Apple had a head start: Europe leaked the beverage into the city) Newer markets include the Carolinas, Virginia and Washington, D. C. In the antithesis of any majors marketing plan, Red Bull buys traditional advertising last. Only when a market is deemed mature does the company begin a media push. The idea is to reinforce, not introduce, the brand. Media is not a tool that we use to establish the market, said vp-marketing David Rohdy. It is a critical part. Its just later in the development. Current ads, titled Red Bull gives you wings, focus around an animated bull character. The initial spot is set in the Renaissance era, where an artist is telling the man who commissioned his painting that he has created the perfect piece of art: Red Bull. Itll give you wings, he said. Indeed, in another ad, an energized bull is shown leaping over a city. The ads have begun airing during late-night TV in New York, and radio programs including The Howard Stern Show. A Santa Monica-based shop, Lunch, handles ads and POP materials for the entire U. S. Red Bull typically creates two new TV spots a year and runs them in mature markets. The brand spent $100 million in the U. S. last year, according to the company Measured media spending was only $18. 9 million last year, up from $9 million in 1999, per Competitive Media Reporting. Red Bulls runaway popularity had given it easy entree into mass merchandisers. It is currently the No. 1 product in Store24, where it is now a bigger seller than beer, milk, water and soda. 7-Eleven is experiencing similar results. We have seen double-digit growth [in the non-carbonated segment]. Red Bull tops the list big time, said Jim Jackson, category manager for non-carbonated beverages at 7-Eleven, Dallas. [Their success is due to] their single-product focus, major advertising dollars and distribution. They create demand before they even get it to retail. The picture may yet change, as Red Bull is now facing more than a dozen imitators, most notably Cokes KMX and A-Bs 180. Knockoffs they may be, but distributors say they have been moving extremely well. Weve done a lot of the dirty work for them, Rohdy said. Pichler was a bit more engaging. Were a fan of competition. Its a positive for us, he said. It validates the energy drink category. Red Bull has already experienced the c opycat phenomenon overseas. The company doesnt appear to be concerned, however, having hit the $1 billion worldwide sales mark. Besides, observers have said the also-rans dont have a prayer. Red Bull seems to have a cooler in every bar in every city. The sales force, thats all they do, said one new age beverage executive. The big guys will not put that much energy into it and will lose interest when they dont make any headway. After conquering the U. S. , the Red Bull army plans to move on. It is currently making headway in Brazil and South Africa, though South America and Africa as a whole remain largely untapped. If history repeats itself, it wont be long before everyone on the planet gets their wings.