Organizational Development Interventions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Organizational Development Interventions - Essay Example The idea that organizational change needs to be coordinated across a number of dimensions--of which structure and culture might be seen as the two most fundamental is not in itself very new, and has become conventional wisdom in change circles since McKinsey published its well-known Seven S framework, and Peters and Waterman (1982) first aired their excellence truism, "soft is hard." Yet within this literature, it is clear that some alignments have generated more interest and debate than others. From this point of view, organization design--or to be more precise, designing--is concerned with more than neat pictures and "hard" abstract configurations of roles and responsibilities on paper. It is about putting "the human side of change" back into the design process. Changing an organizations structure, from this perspective, implies paying attention to the underlying, emergent processes and systems that connect and activate structural frameworks. In practical terms, this means combining traditional organization design with more sensitive, microlevel interventions designed to open up and reconstruct the organizations underlying working structure. The organization has an institutional own life, which is notoriously difficult to control and manage. (Barley, 1997, 101) It has long been accepted that leadership is a critical factor in the success of change programmes. Much of the literature on leadership and change, however, has tended to concentrate on capabilities and qualities required of key executives and change managers and to overlook the notion of leadership as a process, the property of a system rather than a single person. Such a view can be highly problematic, leading to a rather overromanticized perspective on change, and the hope that a magical, quasi-mystical leader will somehow emerge to take the organization out of the wilderness.

Case Study Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Case Study Analysis - Essay Example es before advertising the position Change GovSource to a more efficient IT solution Restructure the recruitment process empower people to make some decisions without having to make consultations Introduction The following report identifies the following problems in the recruitment process. They include; untimely feedback from the interviewee’s referees, unreliable, Information Technology (IT) solution (GovSource), lengthy bureaucratic process, untimely feedback to interested applicants, limited empowerment of employees, pre-meditated prospective candidates by clients. These all contributes to making the entire recruitment process tremendously lengthy. ... 1.1 Approach The approach used includes the implementation of the recommended measures using a combination of strategies, for example, Six Sigma. The initial phase involves analyzing the current state of the organization in order to identify the problems affecting it. The next step is finding suitable solutions to the identified problems. Categorizing the problems on the basis of the departments affected proves to be the most suitable way of solving them. Different timelines allocated to the implementation of solutions also helps the organization prioritize. A review of the implementation costs is also done, in order, to help with the organization’s budgeting. Therefore, the team’s report integrates these approaches to come up with a single compact one which is easy to comprehend and follow. 1.2 Project overview After outlining the approach to be used, the team came up with a project overview. Their main focus of the entire project relies on the departmentalization of t he identified problems. Those, which seemed feasible, enough to be solved in the least time possible took priority over others. The time estimated for their implementation ranged between 2 to 6 months depending on the solution to be implemented. On the other hand, the long term measures identified by the team required more time. Their implementation required over 1 year for success to occur. They also relied on the availability of funds, for example, the changing of the IT solution to one which presented the organization with more options while offering maximum efficiency. This would, therefore, allow for progress in the improvement of the recruitment process of the organization. 1.3 Methodology The Six sigma

Technology and business assessment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Technology and business assessment - Essay Example As stated on its website, Cisco Systems, Inc. is the worldwide leader in networking for the Internet. Cisco hardware, software, and service offerings are used to create Internet solutions that allow individuals, companies, and countries to increase productivity, improve customer satisfaction and strengthen competitive advantage. The Cisco name has become synonymous with the Internet, as well as with the productivity improvements that Internet business solutions provide. Cisco Systems vision statement claims that their vision "is to change the way people work, live, play and learn." Source from website ) Stanford University Computer Scientists Sandy Lerner and Leonard Bosack founded Cisco Systems. There was a genuine need for large scale computer networks based on industry standard technologies and while in college, they found that the inefficiencies of the current infrastructure led to great technical hitches in being compatible with the numerous mail clients. This inspiration served as a spark that set their ideas in motion and when they left the campus, they were ready to embark upon the operation. Surprisingly, its stupendous growth was the harbinger of its problems. Cisco grew rapidly and to cater to the company and product information distribution, launched an official website in 1991. It had a 50% share of the networking market and struggled to keep up with the calls it was receiving. By 1992, its market share was 85% and the customer service requests and training programs were severely straining its existing systems that were not built for these volumes. By 1993, Cisco boasted a growth of an astounding 270% growth, but its IT department was sorely lacking to cope with a half billion-dollar company growing by 50% each year. Unable to sustain, its customer service was not up to the standards desired and Cisco was losing its ratings. Its IT budget was a paltry 0.75% of sales that was way below industry standards. The Plan CIO Pete Slovik and Senior Executive, Doug Allred, brought a revolutionary concept that entailed that the IT spending was linked to the business units that in turn necessitated close alignment to the company goals. The managers of the business units would be required to independently take decisions about the investment required to reach the company targets and the level of customer satisfaction. Cisco's internal network would play a strategic role in providing the connectivity needed for the business units to build applications creatively and therefore this would require a thorough revamp of its internal infrastructure. Because it was a major decision that would cost millions, cash-strapped Cisco deliberated over the decision. Small technical difficulties kept occurring and in 1994, Cisco's systems broke down unable to cope and Cisco was forced to close down for two days. The Solution The board went ahead and approved the proposal for a $15 million Oracle ERP system. This would entail a 2.5 percent of the 1993 revenues, thrice the IT budget of the previous year. The total cost of completing the ERP was $100million. It is not an overstatement to say that the Oracle ERP system became the backbone of the Cisco E-Business. It unified all of the Unix Servers and became a source of centralized information.

Recovery of economic loss in negligence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Recovery of economic loss in negligence - Essay Example ity to make use of the defective products. It is â€Å"habitually awarded in personal injury case ,e.g. for future loss of earnings. It has also been awarded in commercial cases , but there is no clear principle to determine when such losses are recoverable and when it is not.† 5 Pure economic loss, which is negligently caused to a party to a contract by acts or omission of a defendant, cannot give rise to any good cause of action.6 Economic loss in this sense is not recoverable under negligence or strict liability in tort. The claimant suffered only financial injury. Recovery of pure economic loss in negligence is a complex and difficult area of law. ... This principle is based on the necessity to limit the potentially unlimited liability, which can theoretically flow from negligence; otherwise, permitting recovery purely of economic nature will paralyze the judicial system and the society in general. 8 It was anchored on the belief that a single event may lead to any number of claims, which are so uncertain and so indeterminate it would make it intricate and very expensive for people to insure against this claim. The courts have categorized pure economic loss into 4. These are negligent statements, negligent performance of services, relational economic losses, and economic losses caused by defective products or buildings. Negligent statement involves reliance on representation and comments that were negligently given. Negligent Performance refers to failure to take responsible care to execute gratuitous service undertaken. Relational economic loss is a claim based on the injury of one person that may easily impair the financial posi tion of the other. And lastly, Economic losses caused by defective product or building is a claim founded on the belief that a duty of care in torts arises between the builder and the subsequent user.9 QUESTION #2 In the case of Hedley Byrne v Heller [1963] the accountant was adjudged negligent in giving statement which statement was relied upon by Hedley in granting additional order of advertisement to the client Easipower that soon become bankrupt. The Court held the accountant liable for the pure economic loss incurred by Hedley although there was no contractual relationship arising from the negligent statement. It has ruled that a negligent although honest misrepresentation, may give rise to an action for damages for financial loss even if there was no contract between

Iron Deficiency Anemia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Iron Deficiency Anemia - Essay Example I will address an important topic that still causes major morbidity and mortality around the world, especially in low income populations and children. 2. Iron-deficient erythropoiesis: after iron stores are exhausted, lack of iron limits the production of hemoglobin and other metabolically active compounds that require iron as a constituent or cofactor. Globally, the most common cause of anemia is iron deficiency. Other possible causes are acute or chronic infections, parasitic diseases, heavy menstruation, hemoglobinopathy, colon cancer, and vitamin A/B12 or folate deficiency, among others. Various epidemiological studies have shown that iron deficiency anemia is still one of the most prevalent nutritional deficiencies. Iron deficiency is present in up to 30% of women, and 70% of pregnant women. A recent cross-sectional study investigated the prevalence and possible risk factors for iron deficiency anemia on aboriginal schoolchildren living in remote areas in Malaysia. Overall, 48.5% of children were anemic. Low levels of mothers' education and low household income were identified as risk factors; severe trichuriasis was also found to be associated (Al-Mekhlafi 1046). If this deficiency is present during the first two years of life, a functional disturbance is highly probable, given that the developing brain experiences structural and biochemical changes; a few weeks after birth, synapses formation takes place and the nervous system starts its shaping, being a critical time with high vulnerability. Moreover, anemia may affects cognitive function at all stages of life. The immune system depends of multiple oxidation processes; another possible outcome in people with anemia is a state of immunodeficiency. Pregnant women with anemia may experience complications and increased mortality rates. Finally, anemia in adults may have economic consequences because it provides low physical and work performances, increasing disability and work incapacities. It is important to define the severity and etiology of anemia, in order to start an adequate therapeutic approach. Clinical symptoms and physical examinations have low sensitivity and specificity. According to WHO, Hb concentration is the most reliable indicator of anemia at the population level, and measuring it is relatively easy and inexpensive. However, the etiology of anemia should be interpreted with caution if the only indicator used is Hb concentration. A complete blood count gives important information that can guide into the possible cause. Other important tests are serum ferritin, serum iron, transferrin, and transferrin saturation. Anemia is not a specialized disease.

Compare george yule's and andrew radford's generative grammar (my prof Coursework

Compare george yule's and andrew radford's generative grammar (my prof says they differ) - Coursework Example There are a number of various kinds of generative grammar most of which have their roots in the transformational grammar developed in the 1950s by Noam Chomsky, a linguist who tried to produce a certain type of grammar that has a very clear system of rules stipulating and verifying the combination of basic elements that would result out of a well-shaped sentence. Both George Yule and Andrew Radford have attempted to present a survey of all the information about a language particularly with regard to the internal structures of a language. Inspired by Noam Chomsky,Yule attempted to develop a generative grammar based on a system of rules that can effectively specify the combination of elements required to form sentences. Although both Yule (2006) and Radford (2006) were heavily influenced and inspired by Chomsky, there are a number of differences in their approach of generative grammar.This paper critically analyzes the similarities as well as the differences in George Yule’s and Andrew Radford’s generative grammar. ... The second aim makes use of minimalist concepts and assumptions as well, provides a description of a range phenomena in English syntax. It avoids the excessive complex technicalities in English syntax and intends to be appropriate for people with only minimal grammatical information, and those who have already done fairly with syntax but desire to be familiar with more about simplicity. It is neither comparative in orientation, nor assume knowledge of alternative models of grammar. An important similarity between the two approaches however is that the two proponents of generative grammar focus more on meaning brought about by the sentences other than the structural organization of the sentence. As such it does not focus more on correctness of the grammar but the overall meaning intended in the sentence therefore highlighting the importance of language as a tool of communication rather than structural organization of a given sentence. Radford believed that in making interrogative sent ences, preceding sentences can be easy to teach and learn. An important area of contrast is that Yule (2006) violated binary branching by attempting to produce a perfect description or ordering arrangements of elements in a linear structure borrowed from the original work of Noam Chomsky. On the other hand, Radford illustrates the syntax of a sentence using a tree diagram which is binary branching. It is however worth noting that Radford and Yule have used a similar approach while exploring on the rules of wh-movement in English in order to make interrogative sentences and relative sentences easier to demonstrate and learn. According to Yule, syntactic breakdown has taken rather a dissimilar approach and direction in trying to account for the types of

Six-Step Process of Ethical Decision Making in Arriving at a Caring Research Paper

Six-Step Process of Ethical Decision Making in Arriving at a Caring process - Research Paper Example Healthcare managers have to deal with rising number of complex ethical predicaments in organizations. Independently they are unable to take ethical decisions in the absence of well-documented and communicated organizational decision-making outline. It is, therefore, important for the healthcare organizations to design, develop, and implement necessary policies, procedures and guidelines to help their staff in arriving at ethical decision-making in their routines. With these mechanisms and frameworks, the organizations are able to effective take sound ethical decisions regarding their companies. This report as such delves briefly into ethical decision making as carried out by various companies with special emphasis on 6-step ethical decision making process as outlined by Purtillo and Doherty (2009) in health care environment. Step 1: Gather Relevant Information The first step in ethical decision-making process is the explicit, relevant data of the ethical issues that generally occurs as a result of insufficient information or evidence, and disagreements concerning the facts. Hence, this step facilitates many disagreements and assists in initiating a successful procedure. It should start by inquiring about the ethical issue that has been in hand (Purtillo & Doherty, 2009). Medical Indications Issues: The patient’s health care problem, its diagnosis and prognosis. Its criticalness, continuance, emergency and reversibility. The objectives of treatment and intervention for patients’. The chances of success for the patients’ population. The plans in view of therapeutic collapse for the patients’ population. The advantages of the treatments and its optimization. The dangers of the treatments and interventions and ways of minimizing these risks (Purtillo & Doherty, 2009). Patient Preferences Issues: The patients’ preferences re-treatment and interventions. The patients’ evaluation of quality of life with and without treatments and interventions. The patient's approval whether voluntary or involuntary. Whether patients are children, have their abilities to accept been identified. Whether patients expressed their wishes in writing, verbally etc. Whether patients are reluctant or incapable to deal with treatments and interventions, if so, the reasons. Whether patients’ decision to choose being appreciated considering ethics and law (Purtillo & Doherty, 2009). Evidence issues: The standards of practice. The availability of type of data to inform decisions. The research outcomes and studies are available to notify decisions (Purtillo & Doherty, 2009). Contextual Features Issues: Families affecting decisions regarding the treatments and interventions. Religious and cultural factors. The existence of health providers and administrator prejudices that might impact decisions concerning quality of life. The involvement of clinical researches and teaching. The existence of relevant legislations. The existence of confidentiality matters and its limitations. The financial implications concerning the decision making. Whether organizational rules concerns the decision making. Whether there exists conflict of interest on the part of the health care providers or within institutions. The targets, goals, principles, and strategic directions of the healthcare companies (Purtillo & Doher