Energy Drink and Alternative Beverages Essay

1. What are the strategically relevant components of the global and U. S. beverage industry macro-environment? How do the economic characteristics of the alternative beverage segment of the industry differ from that of other beverage categories? Explain. SEGMENTATION: The global market for alternative beverages was divided by product type (sports drinks, energy drinks, and vitamin-enhanced beverages) with different demands for each group. Sports drinks accounted for nearly 60% of alternative beverage sales in 2009, while vitamin-enhanced drinks and energy drinks got about 23% and 18% of 2009 alternative beverage sales, respectively, in the US. RIVALRY: The worldwide competition between three major producers (PepsiCo, Coca-Cola and Red Bull) made the industry rivalry become global. In U. S. , Pepsico has engulfed almost half or 47. 8% of the market shares last 2009. The only region where Coca-Cola beats Pepsico is in Asia-Pacific. Coca-cola has 13. 7% of the market shares while Pepsico has 12. 4%. Worldwide, Pepsico is still leading among the three with 26. 5% of market shares while Coca-Cola and Red Bull had 11. 5% and 7%, respectively. MARKET SIZE: The global beverage industry’s dollar value for beverages in 2009 was $1,581. 7 billion (458. 4 billion liters); with 48. 2% of industry sales was from carbonated soft drinks, 29. 2% from bottle water, 4. 0% from sports drinks, 1. 6% flavored or enhanced water, and 1. 2% from energy drinks. The dollar value of global market for alternative beverages in the same year was $40. 2 billion (12. 7 billion liters), while the dollar value of the U. S. market for alternative beverages stood at $17 billion (4. 2 billion liters). Meanwhile, in Asia-Pacific region, the dollar value for alternative beverages in 2009 was $12. 7 billion (6. 2 billion liters) and it was $9. 1 billion (1. 6 billion liters) in the European market. MARKET GROWTH: The dollar value of the global beverage industry had grown approximately 2. 6% annually from 2005 to 2009 and was forecasted to grow approximately 2. 3% annually from 2010 to 2014. However, this indicator for the alternative beverage industry was much higher. For example, the dollar value of the global market for alternative beverages grew at a 9. 8% annually from 2005 to 2009, but was expected to slow down to 5. 7% annually from 2010 to 2014. Based on the geographic share of the alternative beverages market, U. S. largely covers 42. 3% of it; while Asia-Pacific, Europe and Americas (excluding U. S. ) only cover 31. 5%, 22. 2% and 4% respectively. US is the country that has strongest growth internationally in terms of alternative beverage sales with a 84. 78% growth between 2005 and 2009; while Europe and Asia-Pacific are 22. 97% and 24. 51%, respectively. However, poor economic conditions in the US in 2008 and 2009 led to a 12. 3% decline in sports drink sales and a 12. 5% decline in flavored and vitamin-enhanced waters sales. It was also the reason why energy drinks sales increased just a little of 0. 2% between those years. 2. What is competition like in the alternative beverage industry? Which of the five competitive forces is strongest? Which is weakest? What competitive forces seem to have the greatest effect on industry attractiveness and the potential profitability of new entrants? In the beverage industry, competition can be extensive (large scale). There are many substitute beverages from tea,soft drinks,fruit juices, and bottled water. Provided that there is a wide range of substitute beverages, this weakens the competitive power of substitute beverages when there comes a change to consumer preference. Because there is a large purchase for wholesale clubs, grocery stores, and convenience stores ; consumers have significant influence in negotiations for pricing and slotting fees with the producers. Wholesale clubs and the likes find it difficult to represent new brands due to limited shelf space. When products become a household name such as coca cola, red bull, etc already offer the demands of consumers. Coca Cola and PepsiCo are the least vulnerable when it comes to substitute products since they offer a wide range of variety beverages. The strongest competitive force is competitive rivalry within the industry, competition grows stronger by the year. The primary focus on brand image is key to becoming a household name in the industry, Attractive packaging should be developed, New research and product development, Increase of distribution capabilities, Better taste and more variety. The Bargaining power and leverage of suppliers is the weakest competitive force, Consumers tend to buy more alternative products. The threat of new brands varies by market maturity of each alternative beverage category. Competition is strong and will continue on growing every year in the product line. Competition among all brands center mostly on brand image, attractive packaging, new product and research development, sales promotion, better access to shelf space, and strengthening distribution capabilities. Rivals expands their numbers and types of alternative beverages in their product line, the opportunity for low switch cost for consumers gets introduced and sales efforts to establish consumers brand loyalty. 3. How is the market for energy drinks, sports drinks and vitamin-enhanced beverages changing? What are the underlying drivers of change and how might those forces individually or collectively make the industry more or less attractive? The market for energy drinks, sports drinks and vitamin-enhanced beverages is now changing due to the change in the long-term industry growth rate. Because of the US recession on the entire beverage industry the demand for the alternative beverages was expected to grow worldwide as the purchasing power of the consumers increased. The volume of the alternative beverages offered higher profit margin than those of other beverages. Product innovation, in terms of flavors and formulation, was the most important competitive feature of the alternative beverages. They competed on the basis of differentiation from traditional drinks. This made the industry attractive because of the enhanced look and flavors that the company made. The modernization in marketing and distribution system changed the industry in the way that the beverages may be bought from convenience stores, restaurants, sporting events, delis, concerts, festivals, carnivals and vending machines. The industry was made more attractive because of the famous artists that the companies hire for advertisements. There was also an expansion of target markets, and an increase in new entrants, which made the industry seem appealing to others. The regulations and policies that the government implemented made the industry less attractive due to the products’ faults being exposed to the public. The growing concern of people about health associated with their consumption also made the industry less attractive. For example, caffeine in energy drinks, mixture of alcohol and energy drinks, melatonine hormone in relaxation drinks, and use of Kava and unapproved valerian roots as food additives. The drivers of change, however, will unlikely alter the attractiveness of the alternative beverages for the next years because large producers of this industry would rely on product innovations and acquisitions to increase sales and market shares. But individual and collective effect of industry drivers of change will likely affect the attractiveness of the industry. 4. What does your strategic group map of the energy drinks, sports drink, and vitamin-enhanced beverage industry look like? Which strategic groups do you think are in the best positions? The worst positions? PepsiCo, Coca-Cola, Red Bull GmbH, and Hansen Natural Corporation are strategic groups that are in the best positions because they have already established a market position and they hold most of the market share in the alternative beverage industry. They also account for most of the sales in the industry and they have conquered not just US but also Europe and some parts of Asia and America. Living Essentials, Vacation in a Bottle, Dream Water or Drank are strategic groups that are in the worst positions. This is due to the small number of consumers that they have and policies implemented by the government hinder their expansion. Though Living Essentials lead the development of energy drinks, they did not expanded their market thus other companies took advantage of the opportunity. 5. What key factors determine the success of alternative beverage producers? The four key factors that determine the success of alternative beverage producers: (1) access to distribution, (2) innovating product skills, (3) image, and (4) sufficient sales volume. The first one is access to distribution, which is regarded as the most important industry success factor due to the fact that most brands of energy drinks/alternative beverages cannot achieve good sales volumes and market shares unless they are widely available in stores, and there are also far too many brands for all to be included on store shelves. Popular brands that enjoyed first mover advantages such as Red Bull and 5-Hour Energy and brands offered by Coca-Cola and PepsiCo were assured of consistent access to distribution. The second factor is innovating product skills. By definition, alternative beverages were different from traditional beverages based upon product innovation. Moreover, continuing product innovations were essential to developing additional volume gains from line extensions and the entry into new categories like energy shots. The third one is image, which was also a critical factor in choosing a brand of customers. The image presented by the product’s name and emphasized in advertisements, endorsements, and promotions created demand for one brand over another. Brand image was also a result of labels and packaging that alternative beverage consumer found appealing. Small producers with poor image building capabilities found it difficult to compete in the industry unless the product enjoyed a first-mover advantage similar to that achieved by 5-Hour Energy. Finally, sufficient sales volume to achieve scale economies in marketing expenditures is also an important driver. Successful alternative beverage producers were required to have sufficient sales volumes to keep marketing expenses at an acceptable cost per unit basis. 6. What recommendations would you make to Coca-Cola to improve its competitiveness in the global alternative beverage industry? to PepsiCo? to Red Bull GmbH? Coca Cola * Increase alternative beverage drink brand awareness in Europe and capture its market * Grow infrastructure in Africa * Continue to budget and implement their â€Å"2020 vision† corporate strategy * Enhance product line and innovation PepsiCo * Focus on current energy drink line * Continue to promote their tea and juice-energy lines * Offer different sized cans for current energy drink lines of No fear and Amp * Proceed to distribute Rockstar energy drinks and strengthen their alliance with them RedBull * Expand product line while focusing on market penetration in South America * Branch out with additional lines of alternative beverages * Continue to promote brand

Genetically Modified Food is bad Essay

The debate on whether genetically modified foods are safe for human consumption is marked with controversy in the political, social, academic, and economic fronts of our community. Proponents of genetically modified foods claim that it is the only viable solution to the food insecurity problem that is eminent in the global community (Roth, 2000). Some scientific research findings have claimed that genetically modified foods have substantial levels of safety for human consumption. Nevertheless, the long term health safety of genetically modified foods has never been confirmed (Atherton, 2002). Despite the numerous claims made by proponents of genetically modified foods, there has been not concrete evidence to qualify such claim, a factor that makes consumption of such foods a risk to the human health. Genetically modified foods have been evidently closely associated with some long term health complications (Atherton, 2002). According to available statistical evidence, the global community is witnessing an increase in the occurrences of terminal diseases such as obesity. This trend has been closely attributed to the ever increasing usage of genetically modified foods in the community (Roth, 2000). Records have shown that thousands of thousands of Americans have fallen victims of obesity. Indeed, this health problem has become an issue of national concern in the American society. According to scientist, the problem has been escalated by the common trends of Americans in using fast foods. This is because, such foods lack fiber components, which are crucial to the human body. Another reason given is that such foods contain high levels of energy, which are usually not necessary to the body. Therefore, genetically modified foods are no doubt a leading cause of the increasing numbers of obese people in the community. Although numerous scientific research finding claim substantial health safety for the consumption of genetically modified foods, no search has been conducted to qualify the potential long term health risk brought by such foods (Karlsson, 2003). It has been established that gene modification can result into totally different type of gene whose impact in the human body can not be predicted. Based on this reasoning it is certain that genetically modified foods cannot be claimed safe unless sufficient research has been conducted. Still on the question of safety is the fact that modified genes are commonly made using denatured toxins, which serve to make the foods more robust to infections (Roth, 2000). According to scientific claims, these toxins are in essence poisonous to the human body cells upon long term accumulation (Roth, 2000). In fact this is what has been identified as potential allergens in genetically modified foods which make some people susceptible to their consumption. In conclusion therefore, genetically modified foods are a potential risk to the sustainable health of the human community. We are no doubt experiencing the impact such have from the ever increasing illnesses such as cases of obesity in the community. Since the question of the long term safety of these foods to the human body are significantly eminent, biotechnology products should be regarded as an issue of concern for the long term social and economic development of the community. Just as is rightly claimed, with the available natural resources and modern technological advancements, the world is capable of supplying its population with sufficient food (Roth, 2000). Therefore, any claim of genetically modified foods being the only solution to the world food security is misleading. It only serves as an indication of ignorance and lack of concern for the sustainable future of the human community. References Atherton, K. (2002). Genetically Modified Crops: Assessing Safety. London: Taylor & Francis. Karlsson, M. (2003). Biosafety Principles for GMOs in the Context of Sustain. International Journal of Sustainable Development and World Ecology, 10, 12-43. Roth, G. (2000). Between the Rows: Sideline View of the GMO Debate. Retrieved January 17, 2010, from http://biotech. cas. psu. edu/articles/between_the_rows. htm

A Letter Concerning the Tuition Fee Increase in the Campus Essay Example for Free

A Letter Concerning the Tuition Fee Increase in the Campus Essay ? This academic year in our school had been very exciting and full of learning for the students. The school had been efficient enough in providing us the quality education that students’ need in preparation of their future careers. However it had been a serious issue in the campus among us, students, the continued increase in our tuition and other fees.   Students see, that in order to escalate further the quality of education in our school, the school has to face strenuous modifications in technology, books, and other school facilities. However, there would always a need for students to be consulted first about the issue, because these matters would always concern us. Along with the increase in the tuition fee is the increase in all other fees. Why? First, if the school would not fight for a greater state subsidy, then the school had to pay for the bills, the salary as well as to the technology and materials it would employed. With this matter, the budget would come from the tuition of the students and everything else would be increased; Internet fee, laboratory fee, school paper, etc. Second, education is supposed to be a right and not just a privilege, but with the continued increase in the tuition fee, along with other miscellaneous fees in the campus, there had been an apparent decline in the enrollment rate compared to the previous years. This only shows that few students were able to access the right to education because of the increase. Hence, there is a significant relationship between tuition fee increase and to the limited access of students to education (Dalton 2006). A similar study from the Rand Corporation in 1995 indicated that for every 10percent increase in the tuition fee of the students, there would be a 1.97 percent in the enrollment of the focus of study. Third, the effect of tuition fee and other fee increases would be felt less by those of the middle class brackets. Most of the burden would be felt by those in the lower class; usually with among black and with ethnic backgrounds. Accordingly, majority of the students in most schools were usually coming from the lower bracket and they were the ones who were greatly affected. The school is the only way for these students to move to the next ladder in the society. The tendencies for these students are to dropout or to transfer to a cheaper school with low educational standards. Needless to say, the educational preparation that they got is not enough to equip them for a high paying job in the future. The tuition fee increase that the school implemented is a subtle permit for the state to less care for the educational welfare of its citizens. Students are wary of the fact, that because of the tuition fee increase, we have to burden ourselves with part time jobs more than double just to compensate for the shortage in budget. Students recognized that tuition fee increase in needed to uplift the educational quality in this school. However, it is too fast and too soon to implement. Students are not prepared yet; emotionally, physically and financially.   There was no consultation in the increase in fees. It had always been our right to know and the responsibility for this school to be transparent. The students carried the baggage of financial hardship just to beautify the school, but the education that we got before then was still the same as now. Except of course in slight innovations in the laboratory facilities and in technology, the same education system we got from the school. If tuition fee increase is really bound to happen, we wanted to be prepared for it. We wanted an apparent positive change in the learning that we got; of course it is not to say that we got no learning from this school, it is just that, the change in learning is just minimal. This school has been our battleground to combat poverty, to uplift our situations and to gain learning. If the school is to increase its tuition fee and other fees, we expect that it would also provide subsidy through scholarship, or other alternative solutions to augment our financial difficulties. As well as it is the responsibility of our parents to finance our education; it is also the responsibility of the state to provide to its people the right to education. But how could we get this if tour very right has now become a mere privilege. The sad fact is, not the privilege of the majority but of the few only.   If we are destined to suffer from the tuition fee and other fee increases, would it be right that we would also demand great changes in everything. Would the payment that we give, be enough for us to pose subordinate command over our instructors and over other employees; anyway, we paid for them. Students believe, that in this school, students of characters should be made and not just a mere passive, technologically dependent ones. We need support to develop our minds, which is the role of this school. But where would we go now if this school would deprive us of that need? We seek to be consulted first, we need data of its great benefits on us, and we need alternatives for the increase that is accessible for everybody and not only for the few. [Name of the Sender] [Position/Occupation] Works Cited Dalton, McGuinty. â€Å"Canandian Federation of students.† 8 March 2006 A Letter Concerning the Tuition Fee Increase in the Campus. (2017, Feb 21).

Managing Employee Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Managing Employee Relations - Essay Example With regards to maintaining a working and mobile corporate structure, EIP has been playing an active influential role for the companies. In other words, the above discussed idea tends to maintain the working balance within different corporate organisations (Apostolou, 2000, pp. 21-23). Observably, EIP is held accountable for stabilising corporate order by providing effective guidelines and developing individuals’ behaviours. This particular approach has often been advantageous for organisations to attain their respective goals along with objectives by strengthening decision-making procedures and utilising the available resources effectively. The efforts of individual employees and inputs are highly regarded as important elements that help in attaining the fundamental objectives of the firms and enabling them to grow in an efficient manner. Additionally, EIP is not only an important part as per the industrial context, but also contributes in the development of the overall economy (Holden, n.d., pp. 560-563). With this concern in mind, the prime intent of this essay is to argue about the fact that EIP fundamentally intends to weaken the collective will of the workers by individualising their respective actions and also aligning them with the goals of the employers. Moreover, the essay also discusses the disadvantageous factors involved with the notion of EIP that might impose negative impacts over the working process of the employees as well as the performance of the organisations in order to argue the aforesaid fact (West Virginia Department of Health and Human Sources, 2014, pp. 1-2). It is strongly believed that with the rise in globalisation and internationalisation, the value of employment has raised gradually. Justifiably, the companies have started valuing the involvement of employees in their operational procedures, mostly related to decision-making.

Performance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Performance - Essay Example Team learning and group dynamics are two of the most important imperatives of organizational behavior that significantly impact performance outcome. Effective team work constitutes one of the most important factors that make valuable contribution to the organization promoting a sense of togetherness and collective responsibility that reflects in the increased output and improved performance of the organization. Argote claims that team learning processes involve collective acquisition, combination, creation and sharing of knowledge and that they are considerable influenced by the internal team dynamics (Argote, 1999). Leadership within the team inspires others to achieve common goals through persuasive communication skill. Leadership motivates and encourages that target group within the group that plays a crucial part in the development processes. Group dynamics play crucial role in the smooth functioning of the organizations. The rapid globalization has ushered in an era of multicultural society with people from different race, culture and nationality. Workplace diversity has become common feature and understanding of cross cultural values for mutual trust building has become important. Group dynamics are characterized by unique code of behavior that is specific to the group that is developed over a period of time. According to Hartley ‘value congruity between personal values and perceived value†¦ increased acceptance of that group’ (Hartley, 1960). It is further argues that participation within the group has positive effect on both attitude and job performance (Vroom, 1959). Indeed, emerging new managerial leadership must encompass a very important aspect of organizations, that of making effort to involve employees in the decision making process. The leadership has recognized the importance of people’s

The effect of liquidity risk on carry trade returns Thesis

The effect of liquidity risk on carry trade returns - Thesis Example isk caused by huge volatility in financial market can lead investors or speculators into operating with extremely high margins that could eventually compel traders to scale down or totally halt their positions to avoid currency crash; (iv) finally, liquidity risk can lead to a drastic reduction in investor’s expectation for gains, which invariably helps to correct the violation of Uncovered Interest Rate Parity (UIP) normally referred to as â€Å"forward premium puzzle† (Brunnermeier and Pedersen, 2009). In this paper, qualitative research methodology is employed by scrutinizing related literature. Any observable limitations in this study stem from the body of literature consulted in the course of preparing this research, and attempts are made to restrict the subject-matter only to liquidity risk and its effects on carry trade returns. The financial crisis that has recently hit the global economy has highlighted an important concept that has long been ignored by economists, policymakers and other stakeholders in the industry: the importance of liquidity in the health of financial systems. According to Ben Bernanke, chairman of the Federal Reserve System, the â€Å"weak liquidity risk controls were a common source of the problems many firms have faced" (Bernanke, 2008). But it was only after the financial meltdown in 2007-2008 that it was acknowledged and sufficiently recognized by the industry. The financial speculators have long operated with such greed that eventually resulted to the vulnerability of the financial and banking industry with the gigantic risks that have been accumulated, which is unprecedented in modern history (Froot, 2001). The practices of unwinding of investors’ positions, higher liquidity risk, higher margins and the consequent low returns have eventually created the volatility in the financial market. An investigation on the liquidity issue and its effect on all financial markets are quite comprehensive and so, for this paper, I would be

Scientific experiment Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Scientific experiment - Assignment Example This was aslo in conjuction with the rapid at which the carbon dioxide was being released. The results of this experiment showed that with increase in oxygen concentration, there is rapid increase in the heat energy relesed and also the amount of carbon dioxide released. The test for carbon dioxide was lime water which turned white on the passage of carbon dioxide. The amount of energy released could be told by the temperature on the bottle( caroline,28) To both the plants and animals energy is the most fundamental driving factor. Almost all processes in the bodies of the organisms are initiated and run by energy. These processes ranges from reproduction, locomotion, fertilization, growth and development. This calls on scients like me and others in general to clearly show the factors which contributes to the respiration in organisms. It is of essence to note that the experiment went further to give details on the essential elements required in the respiration in which it was found out that oxygen is essential for aerobic respiration, again glucose or some subtrates like starch must be present for respiration to take place. Carbon dioxide was released this was to confirm that it is of less essence for animals though in plants its used fro the process of photosynthesis . Some environmental factors such as high temperatures and humidity affects the rate of respiration. In a very cold environment there is less activities experienced by the endotherms this result in utilization of less heat. When the requirement of heat energy is less in the body there is high likelihood of respiration process going slowly. Different food substrates effects differently on the process of respiration. For instance the starch is very rich in energy therefor when used it result in higher energy production. Respiration takes place in two stages in most

Hazar alfaqeih Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Hazar alfaqeih - Personal Statement Example I taught Mathematics in an elementary school in my country and had the opportunity for practical application of the methods and guidelines that I learnt from the best Doctorate holder in the college. She inspired me to do master’s degree in statistics and then go for the Doctorate in the same subject. Her style of counseling was excellent, she visualized the perspectives about this subject well, and I am now convinced that I would achieve my career goals by specializing in statistics. The subject of statistics is now my passion. Before my interaction with her, I had the notion that Statistics was a dull subject, full of never-ending calculations. Her style of dealing with the finer aspect of the subject changed the attitude of the students and we began to love statistics, and eagerly looked forward to her classes. Take me as the practical example, how a teacher can influence the thinking process of a student. The twin objectives of my life will be served, firstly to expand my knowledge on the subject and secondly to equip myself academically to impart knowledge, as my career goal is to teach in a University and be a Visiting Lecturer in business houses. With proper interaction from the lecturers and professors in your University and the fellow-students, I will further improve my communication skills. For an aspiring Visiting Lecturer in statistics, I would often need to explain technical matters and the latest statistical methods to make them understand business and the economy from the point of view of this subject. Business tools and strategies are continuously on the change with rapid progress that is taking place in technology and application of statistical methods. Your University is the best to get proficiency in statistics program, as graduates from your University hold responsible positions in top-ranked business establishments. They are constantly on the upward spiral in their careers, and are making

Marketing In the New Age of Information Technology Essay

Marketing In the New Age of Information Technology - Essay Example The total concept of marketing - branding and promotion, customer segmentation and product positioning has become a totally different ball game in the new technology scenario. As an example of the change, in 2004, six out of the 10 hotel web-site hits came through the use of an online search engine; this makes search engine optimization and pay-per-click advertising key to the successful marketing of a hotel (FHRAI). "Increasing occupancy rates and revenue by improving customer experience is the aim of modern hospitality organizations. To achieve these results, hotel managers need to have a deep knowledge of customers' needs, behaviour, and preferences and be aware of the ways in which the services delivered create value for the customers and then stimulate their retention and loyalty" (Minghetti, 2003). Almost every organization is considering customer relationship management (CRM) as the new paradigm in marketing, where the customer, and not the process, is at the heart of the marketing initiative (Grnroos, 1994). However, a more fundamental question that needs to be answered is: to what extent are developments within Information and Communications Technology (ICT) changing how marketing is or can be done This paper attempts to answer this question. T The customer needs the service or product to be provided on time, appropriately and at a fair price; the traditional 4P's (McCarthy, 1978). While information technology is of tremendous use has placed capability in the hands of the marketer it has also given marvelous tools to the customers through which they can evaluate the products available, compare features and price and make a decision that is purely individual and difficult to influence by traditional methods. The first priority, then, obviously is to be on the information grid (Internet) and look for ways to improve customer value through a competitive edge. The market segmentation has thus come down to a 'segment of one' and the emergence of one-to-one marketing strategies (Berry, 1994). But is this all Is it enough to be an effective marketing organization Understanding the customer and the best way to communicate and build profit is at the heart of all marketing efforts. Enhanced customer satisfaction and retention lead to increased customer loyalty, occupancy rates and revenue per available customer (Dub & Renaghan, 1999a, 1999b). "Managing customer value by creating quality and service that customers can see now is considered a critical component of companies' strategic marketing. Customer value is what builds loyalty" (ibid, p. 79). However, most hotels use information technology only for administrative purposes and have not realised the full possibilities for generating customer value (Minghetti, 2003). The effects of ICT on marketing are not only potentially dramatic they can be catastrophic to managers who choose to ignore the new technology. Marketing is increasingly becoming reliant on understanding and knowing about new concepts and skills that have become essential to stay ahead in the modern marketplace - or marketspace! The customer expects to be able to access a virtual audio-visual tour that give them the complete feel of the facility before deciding where to holiday. Face-to-face marketing, using ICT to provide

BUSINESS & GOVERNMENT Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

BUSINESS & GOVERNMENT - Article Example Further, the managers at Wal-Mart would work closely with the government to ensure that incentives offered are utilized for the growth of the company. Government is working hard to put in place long term measures that will save businesses such as Wal-Mart in case of an economic meltdown. For instance, introduction of greater ties between the interests of business and society influenced operation of Wal-Mart in terms of designing its products and services for its customers. The new regulations that the government has put place aim to promote desired behavior by preventing the company from exploiting customers. For example, Wal-Mart Company had to ask its suppliers to report about its sustainability programs by asking them to report on their environmental concerns such emission of greenhouse gases. In addition, Wal-Mart is offering funding for the development of the second party consortium, which aims to give information about the environmental footprint of its products. Other public c oncerns such as creation of environmental friendly products, workplace education, and training influence how Wal-Mart operates. As Wal-Mart aims to expand outside the US, government is decreasing control across national borders which implies that it is easy to circumvent tough business regulations at home while at the same time getting more friendly rules overseas where the company will be able to make profits (Reich, 2009). The move by the government to be less involved in the operation of businesses has created a close working relationship between government and businesses. For instance, Wal-Mart is opening supercenters and small shopping centers across the US to reach all customers. More so, this has enabled it to venture into other businesses such as banking, travel services, internet services and used cars. Reich (2009), states that, the government is coaxing its operations but not regulating it, which in turn has made the company successful. If the government engaged in regula ting behavior, it would have blocked innovation at Wal-Mart but the introduction of coaxing measures has encouraged its innovation and expansion in US and other parts of the world. Furthermore, the government has allowed Wal-Mart to decide how to achieve its desired outcomes. For example, rather than force the company to offer specific employee benefits, Wal-Mart has been allowed to offer a minimum amount per employee into a common fund accessible to those who do not get such benefits. Wal-Mart managers engage with the government as opposed to shielding it from participating in its activities. In this manner, it is of great benefit because the system is efficient and affordable whereby both parties benefit. For any business to succeed, managers need to devote attention to public concerns and try to come up with solutions before those concerns develop into political action. For instance, it is important for Wal-Mart to convince its customers that they will produce quality goods at lo w prices. Wal-Mart has been vulnerable to attacks regarding ethical issues. In this purview, they have been accused of providing low pay and poor working conditions to workers. Environmental issues also threaten Wal-Mart’s success. This is against government demands, which requires that all businesses must be responsible for the activities. Further, they have to develop public trust to enable the business thrive. Managing the extended enterprise Corporate social responsibility is the ability of a company to conduct its business

Libraire Gallimard Essay Example for Free

Libraire Gallimard Essay With people nowadays trying find the meaning of their existence and the true way to live, one can understand why there would be confusion among the members of society since there will, inevitably, exist differences and approaches on how to find the answers one is looking for. Yet we tend to forget the basics and focus on the outside, on the world and let other people dictate how we are supposed to live our lives and who we are supposed to be. I, on the other hand, believe that existentialism is the only way to truly live one’s life. To live is to ‘hold the reigns’ and refuse to let other people define how you must act. Quoting one of the passages from the book by Albert Camus entitled The Stranger: â€Å"With death so near, Mother must have felt like someone on the brink of freedom, ready to start life all over again. No one, no one in the world had any right to weep for her. And I, too, felt ready to start life all over again. It was as if that great rush of anger had washed me clean, emptied me of hope, and, gazing up at the dark sky spangled with its signs and stars, for the first time, the first, I laid my heart open to the benign indifference of the universe. To feel it so like myself, indeed, so brotherly, made me realize that I’d been happy, and that I was happy still. † The protagonist in the novel clearly demonstrates the basic idea of existentialism—where man is free and is the author of his life and his decisions help shape his destiny, personality and where his life will lead him; a man who is free also asserts himself and does not conform and is â€Å"against totality or the collectivity or any tendency to depersonalization. † (Copleston 22). The protagonist, in the end, realized the indifference of the cosmos and accepted the fact that in the end, there is no meaning and letting one’s care (for how other people see him) control him entraps him in the label that is ‘unhappy’ when in fact he was happy all along. With these tendencies, it is not surprising that individuals themselves forget how to live and concentrate on pleasing others by living by the terms that are imposed by other people. In the novel, The Stranger, the protagonist was on trial for the murder of a man—what condemned him in the end was not the murder itself but for the fact that he refused to show remorse at his mother’s wake, which is absurd. Yet, if we think about it, in principle, those situations tend to happen, from simple gossip of ordinary people to the accusations hurled by powerful figures in the government. People tend to set a definition of good or evil, what is socially acceptable and what is not; the tendency is that people are trapped by these set definitions whereas in the total schema of things, life and the world itself is meaningless. There is no real definition since definition itself is manmade. In the end, the protagonist realized that he was happy and he was free despite the fact that other people have ‘defined’ him as a heartless murderer and an indifferent son. Most of us tend to take into consideration how other people see us; how we ‘fit in’ our society and refuse to be ostracized and be different; example is the wake of the protagonist’s mother in the novel. In a wake of a loved one, one is expected to show remorse. If one fails to do so, one is automatically branded negatively. If one would let go of these ‘cares’ and live life according to their definition, one can be happier and can truly live. What is ‘happiness’ or ‘being alive’ for us will and must be defined by none other than ourselves; for if we let other people set the standards for ‘happiness’ and ‘living’, it is not our ‘happiness’ and ‘life’ but theirs. Of course, one must never see existentialism as an excuse to murder a man or commit a wrong—one should always remember that even if ‘existentialists’ would live life by their own definitions, these people are still principled people and answer to themselves. Works Cited: Camus, Albert. The Stranger. France: Libraire Gallimard, 1943. Copleston, F. C. â€Å"Existentialism. † Philosophy Vol. 23, (1948): 19-37.

Police Abuse Essay Example for Free

Police Abuse Essay An officer who uses more force than policy allows is said to have used excessive force and may be guilty of police brutality, the excessive and lawless use of police force. Police officers are often seen as a thin blue line of protection between criminals and law-abiding citizens, but when they use excessive force, they cross the line and become criminals. Police brutality damages the image of law enforcement as well as the justice system. It leads to loss of trust in the policemen, which then creates a gap between them and people in the community. According to the early policing principles imported from 19th century England, it is the lack of centralized control which forms a corruption in America when opportunities of bribery were widespread. Police reforms from the 1930s to the 1950s sought to establish professionalism among police forces by introducing military-like command and higher performance standards. Not everyone agrees with this type of procedure when critics see the March 1991 beating of Rodney King by officers of Los Angeles Police Department which used professional policing. From Rodney King beating in 1991 through the O.J. Simpson trial, the rift has widened the threatening racial discrimination. The reasons for the gap are complex and deep. According to the experts, it is based on the nations painful racial history. The current practice of racial profiling, where skin color is a criterion to pull over a driver is ongoing today. For instance, when Reggie Miller, who is Black, had been ordered to pull over by a Nashville police officer for driving with expired tags, had suffered chronic back problems as a result of the beating. It was about 8:40 p.m. when he was shot on his chest and ordered him to lie face down on the ground. Within couple of minutes the officer, who didnt have a chance to identify himself, called for backup. Suddenly Miller found himself as a cushion using his body from five police officers that had surrounded him. Miller also recalls that the officers gouge his eyes and choke him. This 1992 incident of Miller made him suffer a permanent back problem due to the beating and the shot he encountered. Police officers have no right by any  means to harass a person. Otherwise, they are more considered as criminal because of such inhumane acts. In general, brutality is a form of punishment. Police officers are not supposed to punish but are expected to protect and serve. However, they seemed to expose brutality as punishment when they beat up Adolph Archie in March of 1992. Archie was shot by a police officer and the police officer did not even bother to rush him to the hospital. Instead, they waited in the parking lot until they found out that their injured colleague had died. Then the officers took Archie in the hospital while beating him dead. Unfortunately, Archie only breathe for 12 hours and was diagnosed with two skull fractures, a broken larynx, fractures of the cheekbones, bleeding testicles, teeth had been kicked in, and his entire body was exposed to blunt trauma. Brutality is an inhuman or savage form of cruelty. Police officers need not use too much force to stop a sus pect. Police brutality is an important topic to discuss because it deals with the life of a person, the misconduct of some police officers, the burden it caused and the lesson that everyone should get from it. Police officers must realize they were not given their badge to show that they are ones to be afraid of but to keep the peace and order of the community. They have the right to discipline a suspect which will depend on the physical condition of the latter. Police need not use the force if the suspect is already injured because it may only lead to a more tragic situation. In several cases, people died after being restrained by police officers. Police brutality does not cause anything positive. It only leads to racism, disrespect among people, loss of respect and confidence for the police and it makes citizens feel less safe. Not a single act did brutality explicit an advantage to the people. The possible solution to police brutality is to include in their training new techniques in handling suspects and criminals geared towards the demand for public policies that promote social and racial justice. Furthermore, police officers should receive antiracism and diversity training as a part of their education in police academies. Police officers must learn to conduct themselves in multiethnic and multicultural communities. To fund this  solution, everyone must cooperate by respecting the police officers in our community and the law of United States of America. Without the cooperation of everyone, the prevailing widespread of police brutality will continue to grow. The people should give a serious thought of what they are doing in order to avoid violence. Lets just think about the victims of violence and how thousands of people die every year because of brutality. Lets not make one of our families and our next generations become a victim of these humiliating, devastating and inhumane acts of the police. We, as a nation, need concerted effort in protest for all the victims whose lives have been stolen and sacrifice. The goal must be nothing short of creating a just, humane, peaceful and less violent society. If there is no justice, there will be no peace in the United States. The widespread of police brutality has widened all over the world. The nation must join together to eliminate repression, unjust and abusive treatment by the police in order to have a more peaceful and harmonious nation. To terminate police brutality means calling for justice for our brothers and sisters whose lives have been stolen. In addition, this will give time for the government to open their eyes for the families of those who are unjustly locked down behind prison walls. It will allow balance of justice between the government officials and the people regardless of racial status. Our world would be a better place to live in because it lessens violence, death rate, and increases the confidence and harmony between the police and the community. Moreover, the absence of such brutality will terminate arrest and harassment based on racial origin. Bibliography: Activists Protest Against Police Brutality in LA, MAS magazine, (August 16, 2000), 2 pages. Call for a National Day of Protest to Stop Police Brutality, Repression, and the Criminalization of a Generation, http://www.mojo.calyx.net/~refuse/ndp/071400oct22.html, October 22, 2000. DNC Activists Protest Cop Brutality, MAS magazine, (August 16, 2000), 2 pages. NYPDs Bloody Month of August 1999, http://www.mojo.calyx.net/~refuse/ndp/090699ndpnyc.html, September 6, 1999. Anderson, Kelly, Police Brutality, San Diego California, Kelly Anderson, 1995. Bender, David, Policing the Police, San Diego California, David Bender, 1995. Charles, Nick, Criminally Suspect, SIRS, (September 1995), 4 pages. Conroy, John, Unspeakable Act, Ordinary People, New York, Alfred A. Knopf, 2000. Fitzgerald, Terence, Police in Society, New York, Terence Fitzgerald, 2000. Meeks, Kenneth, Driving While Black, New York, Kenneth Meek, 2000. Nelson, Jill, Police Brutality, New York, Jill Nelson, 2000. Roleff, Tamara, Police Brutality, San Diego California, David Bender, 1999. Steinhorn, Leonard, By the Color of our Skin, New York, Leonard Steinhorn, 1999.

Shadows In Architecture

Shadows In Architecture As we all know that light is essential for various activities and shadows are intrinsically connected with light. Light is inseparable from the notion of form and space and so is shadow from light. Throughout the world architects have strived to marvel the use of natural light, but seldom do they consider the shadowed areas caused due to that light. The ambience of a space is affected by the quality of light and shadows. Treatment of light and shadows has been a typical feature of traditional Japanese architecture which understands and lays importance to the design of areas in shade from a source of light. Ar Juhani Pallasmaa on shadows: The imagination and daydreaming are stimulated by dim light and shadow. In order to think clearly, the sharpness of vision has to be suppressed, for thoughts travel with an absent-minded and unfocussed gaze. Homogeneous bright light paralyses the imagination in the same way that homogenisation of space weakens the experience of being, and wipes away the sense of place. (Pallasmaa, 2005). Architect Peter Zumthor listed the following as one his favourite ideas: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦to plan the building as a pure mass of shadow then, afterwards, to put in light as if you were hollowing out the darkness, as if the light were a new mass seeping in. (Zumthor, 2006). The area of study of this dissertation will be based on the idea that if the lighted parts of an object are too light, the form of it is difficult to perceive, and if the parts in shadow are too dark no form will be seen. When light falls on a relief perpendicular to its surface, there will be a minimum of shadows. The intricacies will hardly be visible. Similarly perception of texture also depends on minute differences in relief. The dynamic nature of the shadows cast by sunlight gives an immense potential to effectively design and create shades and shadows. Ordinary day-to-day phenomenon like openings along a long corridor create patches of light and shadow and breaks the monotony of the long walk. Elements of buildings such as sunshades, jaalis, screens, louvres, etc cast shadows which have shapes. The phenomenology of shadows is an important aspect of spaces. Hence, it is more than evident that light and shadows are an essential part of a space.If the architect has an understanding of the relationship of the object with its shadow, he will be better able to control it to compose the shadows and hence the feel of the space. Research Question: How do shadows affect spatial design? Need Identification Every experience of architecture is multi-sensory; qualities of space are measured by the eyes, ears, nose, skin, and tongue simultaneously. A development towards the dominance of the sense of vision has been observed and analyzed by a number of philosophers in recent years. Vision, as we all know, is a consequence of light. Hence, in a very direct way, light is essential for perception of architecture. This study will focus on a rather unspoken, yet ever-present, product of light, i.e. shadows. Elements of architecture undergo innumerable transformations during the course of the day and from season to season. In 1849 John Rushkin stated that among the first habits that a young architect should learn, is that of thinking in shadowà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. (Rushkin, 1880). The shadow gives shape and life to the object in light. Casting of shadow reveals the relationships between objects. Just as Chiaroscuro in paintings and sculptures creates vitality, the play of light and shadow brings life to buildings. (Sullivan, 1947). Objectives To study, in brief, the role of shadows in spatial design throughout the history of architecture in a chronological way. To study the role of shadows in the design of contemporary spaces, taking up examples and case-studies To study how people react to the above mentioned cases. (designers intent vs. achieved). Lastly, attempt to formulate/arrive at generalities to assist the incorporation of shadow-design in the basic design of spaces and buildings Scope The study will analyze the role of self-shadows and cast-shadows (formed under natural light) in spatial design. Understand and analyze the effects of the two different types of shadows (with a visual boundary and without a visual boundary) Study changes in the use of light and shadow throughout the history of architecture. The study will include: Visual perception of the spaces Basic understanding of tones, intensity etc The study will NOT include: Climato-logical impact of the natural light Technical aspects of light, including definitions and quantifiable items like Lux, Lumens, Illuminance, etc. Limitations Shade/shadow is seen as absence or relative deficiency of light. Hence, a direct quantification is not possible. The study has been limited to use of natural light in buildings to streamline the topic of study due to time and text limitations. Secondary case-studies will rely on the imagery and data available in the media and/or books. Direct interview of people using the mentioned spaces (outstation or otherwise) is not possible hence the study will rely on the literature available. Methodology Literature Survey Case-study Primary Prominent examples of such spaces in or around Delhi which have successfully incorporated shadow as an element in the design Secondary Prominent examples of such spaces which have successfully incorporated shadow as an element in the design, with sufficient data available for analysis. Analysis Analysis of the data collected after the Literature Survey and Case-studies. Formulation of ideas Arrive at generalities after a detailed analysis of the collected data to assist the designing of shadows for spaces and buildings. This will help in sensitizing the reader to consider shadows as an important element in spatial design, and hence a whole new approach to designing. The formulations will tentatively be with respect to: scale; forms blocks and massing; geometry; material colour and texture; pertaining to particular elements of buildings (like sunshades, louvers, screens etc) Definitions: (http://oxforddictionaries.com/) shadow: (noun) a dark area or shape produced by a body coming between rays of light and a surface. shade: (noun) comparative darkness caused by shelter from direct sunlight. darkness: (noun) the partial or total absence of light. chiaroscuro: ( http://www.britannica.com) the interplay of light and shadow on or as if on a surface ( from Italian: chiaro, light; scuro, dark) technique employed in the visual arts to represent light and shadow as they define three-dimensional objects. phenomenology: It is a philosophical design current in contemporary architecture and a specific field of academic research, based on the experience of building materials and their sensory properties. Works Cited Pallasmaa, J. (2005). The eyes of the skin : architecture and the senses. Chichester: John Wiley Sons Ltd. Plummer, H. (2009). The Architecture of Natural Light. London: Thames Hudson Ltd. Rasmussen, S. E. (1962). Experiencing Architecture. Cambridge: The MIT Press. Rushkin, J. (1880). The Seven Lamps of Architecture. New York: Drover Publications, Inc. Sullivan, L. (1947). Ornament in Architecture, Kindergarten Chats and Other Writings. New York: Witten Art Books. Tanizaki, J. (1977). In praise of shadows. New Haven, Conn.: Leetes Island Books. Zumthor, P. (2006). Atmospheres : architectural environments, surrounding objects. Basel, Boston: Birkhà ¤user. Bibliography Murray, D. (1990). Architecture and shadow. New York: Rizzoli. Pallasmaa, J. (2005). The eyes of the skin : architecture and the senses. Chichester: John Wiley Sons Ltd. Plummer, H. (2009). The Architecture of Natural Light. London: Thames Hudson Ltd. Rasmussen, S. E. (1962). Experiencing Architecture. Cambridge: The MIT Press. Rushkin, J. (1880). The Seven Lamps of Architecture. New York: Drover Publications, Inc. Sullivan, L. (1947). Ornament in Architecture, Kindergarten Chats and Other Writings. New York: Witten Art Books. Tanizaki, J. (1977). In praise of shadows. New Haven, Conn.: Leetes Island Books. Zumthor, P. (2006). Atmospheres : architectural environments, surrounding objects. Basel, Boston: Birkhà ¤user. Chapter Outline: Acknowledgements Chapter 1: Introduction Light and Shadow: The inseparable Shadows and spatial design Research Question Need Identification Scope Limitations Methodology References Chapter 2: Architecture Precedents Shadows in Architecture through time Works of contemporary architects Chapter 3: Understanding shadows 3.1 Shadows Self-shadows and cast-shadows Shadows having a visual boundary versus without a visual boundary (shades); obscuring etc Dominance of shadow versus dominance of light Effect of shadows in spatial design Form Elements: Jaalis, relief, pergola etc Materials and texture Dynamism through light and shadow Chapter 4: Case-studies Primary: Spiritual/meditation center India Habitat Center Secondary: Church of Light by Tadao Ando The Pantheon, Rome Chapter 5: Conclusion Analysis and conclusion List of Plates

The Quest for Inner Beauty in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre Essay

The Quest for Inner Beauty in Jane Erye     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The beauty of a woman is usually classified into two categories: superficial, or physical, beauty and inner, or intellectual, beauty. In the Charlotte Bronte's Jane Erye, the protagonist rejects her own physical beauty in favor of her intelligence and morality. This choice allows her to win the hand of the man she desires. Jane values her knowledge and thinking before any of her physical appearances because of her desire as a child to read, the lessons she is taught and the reinforcements of the idea appearing in her adulthood. During the course of the novel she lives at five homes. In each of these places, the idea of inner beauty conquering exterior appearance becomes a lesson, and in her last home she gains her reward, a man who loves her solely for her mind. She reads against her cousins wishes as a child at Gateshead, learns to value her intelligence as a child at the Lowood Institution, her mind and humility win the heart of Mr. Rochester at Thornfield Manor, s he earns St. John's marriage proposal at Marsh's End, and in the end she wins her prize of Mr. Rochester's hand in marriage at Ferndean Manor. Jane Erye spent the beginning of her childhood at her Aunt's house, where she struggles to become more intelligent by reading books. Jane wants to learn, even though her cousin insists: "You have no business to read our books; you are a dependent" (pg. 42). Shortly after being struck for reading, she lays in bed and requests: "Gulliver's Travels from the library. This book I had again and again perused with delight" (pg. 53). Her ambition to read and better herself meets opposition from her cousins, yet she continues to struggle to read when she can. The family she lives ... ...e Place of Love in Jane Eyre and Wuthering Heights. David Lodge, Fire and Eyre: Charlotte Brontà «'s War of Earthly Elements Fraser, Rebecca. The Brontes. 1st ed. New York: Crown Publishers, 1988.    Bronte, Charlotte. Jane Eyre. 3rd ed. New York: The Modern Library. Bronte, Charlotte. "Charlotte Bronte's Letters". New York: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1971. Diedrick, James.   Newman on the Gentleman.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.stg.brown.edu/projects/hypertext/landow/victorian/vn/victor10.html. Diedrick, James.   Jane Eyre and A Vindication   of the Rights of Woman.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://spider.albion.edu/fac/engl/diedrick/jeyre1.htm. Dickerson, Vanessa D. Victorian Ghosts in the Noontide.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.system.missouri.edu/upress/fall1996/dickerso.htm. Brownell, Eliza. Age Difference in Marriage: The Context for Jane Eyre   

Symptoms and Epidemiology of Tuberculosis :: Essays on TB

Abstract: Since one third of the world's population is infected with the bacteria of Tuberculosis, many people would like to know if they are being infected. This is why it is important to know the symptoms and epidemiology. Once people are informed and educated, they will know how to take care of themselves in order to prevent this disease to infect them. This paper will basically talk about who is vulnerable to this disease and what the symptoms are. Furthermore, it will have some studies and quotes. The first step to understanding Tuberculosis is to know exactly what the disease is. According to NOAH ( New York Online Access to Health), ?Having TB infections means that the TB germs are in the body but they are in an inactive state. After TB germs enter the body, in most cases, body defenses control the germs by building a wall around them the way a scab forms over a cut. The germs can stay alive inside these walls for years in an inactive state. While TB germs are inactive, they can?t do damage, and they can?t spread to other people. The person is infected but not sick. He/she probably won?t even know that He/she is infected. Millions of Americans have TB infection. For most of them, the germs will always be inactive.? About one third of the world?s population carry the Tuberculosis bacteria, although most never develop the active tuberculosis disease. Knowing this, many would like to be aware of the symptoms and epidemiology in order to know if they are being infected by this horrible disease. Basically anybody is at risk for contracting Tuberculosis. In terms of age, the two most vulnerable groups for getting infected are seniors and young children. The reason they are more vulnerable to this disease than other people is because their immune systems are not strong. This does not mean that only young children and elders are the 2 only one that will get this disease. According to the Lancet Publishing Group, division of Elsevier Science Ltd, infants with Tuberculosis meningitis continue to have high mortality and morbidity, with deaths happening in about 15% of patients and up to 50% of infants left with serious neurological sequelae.? There are other types of groups that are vulnerable. People with HIV/AIDS or diabetes are also vulnerable to contracting Tuberculosis. This is also due to their weakened immune systems. In terms of gender, both men and women are equally likely to contract this disease. Symptoms and Epidemiology of Tuberculosis :: Essays on TB Abstract: Since one third of the world's population is infected with the bacteria of Tuberculosis, many people would like to know if they are being infected. This is why it is important to know the symptoms and epidemiology. Once people are informed and educated, they will know how to take care of themselves in order to prevent this disease to infect them. This paper will basically talk about who is vulnerable to this disease and what the symptoms are. Furthermore, it will have some studies and quotes. The first step to understanding Tuberculosis is to know exactly what the disease is. According to NOAH ( New York Online Access to Health), ?Having TB infections means that the TB germs are in the body but they are in an inactive state. After TB germs enter the body, in most cases, body defenses control the germs by building a wall around them the way a scab forms over a cut. The germs can stay alive inside these walls for years in an inactive state. While TB germs are inactive, they can?t do damage, and they can?t spread to other people. The person is infected but not sick. He/she probably won?t even know that He/she is infected. Millions of Americans have TB infection. For most of them, the germs will always be inactive.? About one third of the world?s population carry the Tuberculosis bacteria, although most never develop the active tuberculosis disease. Knowing this, many would like to be aware of the symptoms and epidemiology in order to know if they are being infected by this horrible disease. Basically anybody is at risk for contracting Tuberculosis. In terms of age, the two most vulnerable groups for getting infected are seniors and young children. The reason they are more vulnerable to this disease than other people is because their immune systems are not strong. This does not mean that only young children and elders are the 2 only one that will get this disease. According to the Lancet Publishing Group, division of Elsevier Science Ltd, infants with Tuberculosis meningitis continue to have high mortality and morbidity, with deaths happening in about 15% of patients and up to 50% of infants left with serious neurological sequelae.? There are other types of groups that are vulnerable. People with HIV/AIDS or diabetes are also vulnerable to contracting Tuberculosis. This is also due to their weakened immune systems. In terms of gender, both men and women are equally likely to contract this disease.

The Case Against the Death Penalty Essay example -- capital punishment

In the United States, since the 1970s there have been more than 1270 executions according to the death penalty information center (Fact Sheet), What’s alarming about that number, is the number of people who were condemned to be executed based on race, income and social status alone, targeting those that could not afford good legal counsel, and were appointed attorneys that were â€Å"inexperienced and had below appropriate professional standards† (Hessick 1069), which sealed the fate of those literally fighting for their lives, on the day of sentencing. Capital punishment is unconstitutional, and violates human rights; a point of view rarely seen when debating the topic. Everyone talks about deterrence, everyone talks about justice for the victim, but no one seems to remember that even though the person responsible for a crime, whatever the nature of this crime is, is still a human being with constitutional, and human rights just like all of us. This paper will present facts that will help the reader understand the real nature of capital punishment, presenting the case against the death penalty for reasons of unconstitutionality and human rights violations. The first thing I want to cover is deterrence. Does the death penalty really deter crime? Some people say it does, that they work the same way speed signs work: First you notice the speed sign, then you drive without getting over the speed limit, it obviously works. Or does it? I came across many articles proving that speed signs are not a deterrent for speeding. Karen Sorensen writes on her news site â€Å"The Plainfield Police Department reports they issued 93 tickets for speeding and two for speeding in a construction zone despite warning signs being posted all along Rout... ... Behind the Wheel: Why Do We Speed?" Interview. Audio blog post. NPR. PBS, 07 June 2007. Web. 01 Nov. 2014. Peffley, Mark, and Jon Hurwitz. "Persuasion And Resistance: Race And The Death Penalty In America." American Journal Of Political Science 51.4 (2007): 996-1012. Academic Search Complete. Web. 7 Nov. 2014. Prejean, Helen. "Would Jesus Pull the Switch?" Salt of the Earth: 1997. Claretian Publications, 1997. Web. 01 Nov. 2014. . Sorensen, Karen. "Speed Warning Signs No Deterrent for 95 Drivers." Plainfield Patch. 23 Oct. 2011. Web. 02 Nov. 2014. Spenkelink, John Arthur. "Last Words." Interview. Any Last Words? The New York Times. Web. 01 Nov. 2014. . "The Case Against the Death Penalty." American Civil Liberties Union. The American Civil Liberties Union and the ACLU Foundation., 2011. Web. 01 Nov. 2014.

New Team Leadership Essay

SUMMARY: Our organization is adding a new department for the company’s strategic plan to enter a new market segment. As the manager for the new department for Team A, one must evaluate each team member to include myself. This evaluation should consist of any current situations that may arise, culture, and any urgent matters. To approach this in a sensible manner, one should use any principles or methodology along with any best practices or guidelines that can assist with coming to any decisions that may need to be made. Prior to arriving at any conclusions, meetings will need to take place with current management and the team to assess the plans put forth. These meetings with management should include a brainstorming session, while at the same time provide management the opportunity to critique and analyze any results, and therefore provide any valuable feedback that may come from these meetings. This will help to identify any strengths and weaknesses of the plans that are currently in the developing stage, thus allowing Team A to make the necessary changes to help ease the transitioning of the new department. In today’s world, teams are now becoming an intricate part of many organizations as they begin to shift toward team environments. As organizations shift towards team environments, it provide opportunities for multiple personality types to come together thus increasing the chance for success throughout the company. TEAM LEADERSHIP AND EVALUATIONS In order to develop a great team, the team must understand the company’s  goals and expectations of what management is requiring within the new department. As the leader of the team, one has to know what the team needs are and provide any tools necessary to accomplish those goals expected from us. As the manager of this new department, I will evaluate each member of the team, to include myself and try to properly define or identify the personality type of each individual. After providing the Jungian 16-Type Personality assessment to each team member, the result for one individual was the ENFP personality type and the results of the remaining 3 members that includes myself were ENTP personality type (University of Phoenix, 2014). PERSONALITY TYPES Team Member Jerry Villanueva – Jerry’s assessment score is ENFP. ENFP personality types identify individuals like Jerry as outgoing because he is people oriented. It also mentions he has a creative side and is a highly optimistic person. Another thing about an ENFP personality type is that these individuals are inspiring, expressive, social and values-oriented. They do not like to miss out on anything that is going on around them and like to experience social events (Personality Max, 2007 – 2014). Jerry can be beneficial in that his personality type provides energy to the team and is enthusiastic in this new endeavor presented to Team A. He can be an advocate through his support for the team while displaying his vision for the big picture. Jerry can be exciting for the team because he is a passionate individual and is energetic when around people (Personality Max, 2007 – 2014). Team Member Jason Sanford, Janette Salgado, and Eddie Trevizo – The remaining team members, Jason, Janette, and Eddie’s assessment score is ENTP. ENFP personality types identify individuals such as Jason, Janette, and me as innovative people who are looking for new ideas or a new way of doing things. Though we can be individualistic in pursuing our thoughts or actions, an ENTP personality type is also versatile in that one is able to do many different things or have many different uses and can embrace a variety of skills. ENTP is also entrepreneurial. In other words, one is willing to take the risk of accepting a new challenge such as becoming the manager of Team A. ENTP personality types like to be the originator through logic, curiosity, and like to invent as possibilities can seem endless in an endeavor such as this. The willingness to contribute is also a positive and  can be intellectual (Personality Max, 2007 – 2014). EVALUATING THE SITUATION Determining what is a true sense of urgency. Urgency does not necessarily mean that the new department is in crisis mode. Goals must still be met and as a manager one should take a look at the big picture to determine what needs are not being met. Do not change one’s expectations on what should get done. As a manager, one must look around to determine how to establish a sense of urgency as a positive way to re-enforce company culture through positive change. Team members should develop a vision and strategy, communicate the change, and empower the employees. Team A members need to consider how to approach employees without creating panic to take the new department into the new market segment so that it becomes successful while incorporating a new management style and new positive environmental, organizational, behavioral, and work culture. LEADERSHIP APPROACHES As a manager, one should adjust the management style to the current situation. One also must provide a vision, be trustworthy, and encourage team members and employees to receive positive reaction. The manager shall provide a proactive and powerful message to create motivation. Assure that the right tools are available for employee’s and provide the necessary training to stimulate achieve trustworthiness. Training should be provided to managers to develop understanding of how to better evaluate situations to become effective. Review the situation and involve everyone when wanting to lead across cultural barriers and become an effective leader. Leadership should follow the five dimensions which involve integrity, consistency, openness, competence, and loyalty (Coulter & Robbins, 2012). PRINCIPLE TO APPLY Principles one would choose to apply from various theories such as leadership behaviors like the democratic style that involves employees in its decision making process while using feedback to coach employees. One would also incorporate the seven leadership traits which are: desire to lead, drive, honesty and integrity, intelligence, self-confidence, extraversion, and job knowledge. Combining the leadership traits and democratic style behavior can help to achieve the necessary results for the  launch of the new department (Coulter & Robbins, 2012). CONCLUSION To conclude this memorandum, it is the desire of Team A to accept the challenge of incorporating different personalities and expertise to manage this new department. As manager, I accept full responsibility to ensure the success of this venture. Team A looks forward to creating a positive environment where visions, innovation, creativity, passionate, energetic, and enthusiastic individuals demonstrate and provide the drive to meet the company’s goals and expectations are met. Team A looks forward to a new and successful venture entering this new market segment and to a successful launch of the new department. References Coulter, M., & Robbins, S. P. (2012). Management (11th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. Personality Max. (2007 – 2014). Mypersonality.info. Retrieved from http://www.mypersonality.info/personality-types University of Phoenix. (2014). Self-assessment library 3.4. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, MGT521 website.

How does Miller present the relationship between Abigail and Proctor? Essay

In The Crucible, we abide by the two-timing(a) and turbulent relationship betwixt Abigail Williams and lavatory keep an eye on, and watch it change and generate passim the play, from Abigail acerous to reinstate the involvement in Act 1, to rear monitor confessing and consequently destroying it at the end of the play.John keep an eye on is an h cardinalst, plain-speaking local farmer. He is an impressive forepart in the room, being depict as a man in his prime and proponentful of body, illustrating his effectiveness and independence. Although what of either conviction great deal criticise his sacred commitments, he is generally respected and however fe argond in Salem, again suggesting his adjust in the community. However, we then envision that he is a sinner. Although it may be easy, at this point, for the reader to judge monitor, forming a negative opinion of him, we then observe that he sins against his declare vision of right conduct and regards hi mself as a drool, implying that he regrets and is ashamed of his sins. varan represents common sense and decency. He is non perfect, alone is real aware of his own faults, un exchangeable many differents in the play. He is his own harshest judge. He desires very king full moony in telling the truth but is tortured by the knowledge that he is living a lie. Although he is sinful of hypocrisy, he condemns himself for it. Here, miller presents proctor in a to a greater extent positive exculpated and intends for the reader to empathise with varan, give that he regrets his mistakes and is burdened constantly by guilt.Abigail Williams is Reverend Parriss niece and the leader of the girls and drives the witchcraft accusations. She wants r sluicege on Elizabeth varan for dismissing her and amiable John follow back from her aft(prenominal) the affair. She is shown has agencyful when she says to the girls Now, look you, all of you, asseverate that she is very much in charge. She is withal very inhibitling when she tells bloody shame rabbit warren to Shut it and slaps her, we verify her taking favour of Mary Warrens shy(p) and meek character by scaring and profound her into doing what she wants. This is repeated when Abigail destroys Marys new courage against the girls by pretending to see her spirit as a discolor bird.Abigail to a fault calls the good-natured Elizabeth observe a gossiping liar, signifying that she is sly and manipulative,adjusting the agency in order to remain devoid. She is overly cunning as well as manipulative, in that she realises that she can generate ferocity in the other girls and she uses this to defend and ratify her own argument and accusations. She inspires fear in all of the girls and the entire town this is illustrated when we key out that where she walks the crowd testament part like the see for Israel, proving that even the senior township of Salem are taken in by her power.In Act 1 we are given an insigh t into the interwoven relationship amongst Proctor and Abigail. It is the firstly cyclorama in which we are given actual evidence of their affair, which (up until their conversation in Act 1) is but rumoured. In this scene John Proctors power is reinforced when Mary Warren jumps in fright when he enters. It is clear that he has a similar effect on Abigail, who immediately flatters Proctor when they are alone, citing that she had or so forgotten how strong he is. She also gives a nervous laugh, showing that she likes him a lot and is slightly uneasy near him as she is always on her keep to appear much mature.She feverishly looks inscrutable into his eyes, showing that he has power over her, and suggesting that she is looking as latterly as she can into Proctor, searching for virtually form of response or discussion of her feelings towards him. Abigail also stands as though on tiptoe, implying that she is trying to seem more mature and of better status than she is. When individual is on tiptoe, they are trying to be more than they are, be that taller, more confident or mature, but they are often un shaftle by doing this and they fight to keep their balance. It is this that causes Abigails downfall in the end, in that she likewise becomes unstable by trying to be more than she is, throughout the play. Her plan to win John Proctor backfires as a result of accusations multiplying and, as hysteria spirals out of control, it is Abigail who loses control of the full-page situation and (albeit unintentionally) causes Proctors death.In the same scene, we see Proctors attitude towards Abigail and their affair change. At first, he gives a knowing smiling, suggesting that he may still assimilate some feelings for her. Once Abigail has told Proctor that they danced in the woods, he replies in a somewhat coltish tone, saying Ah,youre wicked yet, arent y giving the impression that likes her too and also wants to carry on with the affair. An alternating(a) interpretation of this is that he encourages behaviour require by Puritans such as leaping in the woods (which they believed to be full of evil spirits) because he knows that there isnt really any danger in the woods, and that it will infuriate Parris, whom Proctor despises. He also jokes that Abigail will be clapped in the stocks before shes twenty This ironic because Abigail is one of the whole people who is not punished, despite being one of the only people who deserves to be. Abigail then begins to beg John for a soft word with cin one casentrated lust.The word concentrated implies that her desire is very strong and intense, and that all the energy she has is rivet on trying to seduce him. It is this that destroys his smile. It also destroys his happiness, in that he is torment by guilt every day. It also destroys his relationship with Elizabeth as her desire later on involves targeting her at the trials and pretending that she sends her spirit to stab Abigail. It then, ultimately, destroys his life when she uses the power she has over the other girls to overpower Mary Warrens argument against her, scaring Mary into going against Proctor and acquiring him arrested and hung. When Abigail destroys his smile, Proctor realises that what he is doing is wrong a makes the decision to bend Abigail. moth miller uses short sentences to emphasise Proctors authority as a grown man, using a asserting(prenominal) to assert that Thats done with. sermon with final emphasis, we watch as Proctor becomes frustrated that Abigail has clearly not got the message and will not leave. miller uses another declarative when Proctor tells Abigail that she will put it out of mind, do it clear that Proctor is in control and reinforcing our idea of him as a resolute man with good morals. Abigails hopelessness does not fade we learn that she cannot believe it, insinuating that she has become so used to manipulating others that it comes as a shock when she herself is manipul ated. Proctor rejects Abigail once and for all, using a violent theatrical role that he would cut off his book before hed ever reach for her again. This image, suggesting punishment and physical harm is also symbolic of the dread(prenominal) outcome of their affair.The affair causes tenseness between Proctor and Elizabeth. She is paranoid about what he may be up to, request Proctor What keeps him so late? Johnthen asks Elizabeth Are you well immediately? showing that they are not getting on as well as they might, and Proctor is almost tiptoeing around her by trying to seem interested in her and make her feel valued. The tension increases track down on when Proctor says Cider?, suggesting that he is commonplace of her and is growing impatient that she is forgetting things. Millers audience of the 1950s would have been affright that Proctor orders Elizabeth around in this way, particularly when she is innocent and he is the one in the wrong, though this would have been norm al in the 1690s, when women were regarded as their husbands property.Abigail does not appear in Act 2. Nevertheless, she has a strong influence over the flesh of events. Not only does she cause tension between John and Elizabeth, but her bearing is felt when Proctor struggles to name all of the Ten Commandments. He names all of them but the adultery commandment, meaning Elizabeth has to fine remind him. Proctor tries so cloggy on a daily nates to forget about his affair with Abigail and move on that he has forgotten the only commandment which he has gone against. It is his only sin and the only thing that ruins his other than good character. Abigail also drives the scene by accusing Elizabeth of witchcraft. Mary Warren comes sept from court with a poppet for Elizabeth, which has a harass stuck in it. We then learn that Abigail fell to the floor and a needle was found stuck into the flesh of her stomach.The reader is shown Abigails plot against Elizabeth and Elizabeths arrest i s a turning point. When Proctor tells Mary that she must admit to the court how the poppet came to be in his house, Mary is frightened and says that she cannot do it as Abigail would kill her and charge lechery on Proctor. In the context of the period, adultery was one of the worst sins and anyone found to be an fornicator would be heavily punished, possibly even killed, as John Proctor is. It is therefore through Elizabeths arrest that Mary reveals that she knows of the affair. Act 2 closes with Mary crying that she cannot do what Proctor has asked her. Although Abigail is not there, her presence is felt yet again and the power that she has over the other girls is clearly shown in Marys terror at the prospect of having to denounce Abigail in court.Abigail and Proctor are both complex characters and Miller chooses the twocharacters who the reader would think are the most unlikely couple. John Proctor hates himself for hurting Elizabeth and judges himself for being punishable of t he very hypocrisy he despises in others. Abigail Williams, on the other hand, is not a good-hearted character who revels in her sins, and it is her overlook of morals which allow her to hurt innocent people such as Elizabeth. An adulterous relationship would have been intensely frowned upon in Puritan times and could be viewed as either Proctors or Abigails fault. It could be argued that Proctor, as a grown and married man, should have cognize never to begin the affair with Abigail.However, it could have been Abigail, their servant, who took advantage of a difficult time between John and Elizabeth and exploited Proctors only weakness lust. Miller clearly wants the reader on Proctors side. We know already that he is plagued with guilt and is aware of his own faults. In the end, he eliminates his hypocrisy by eventually telling the truth. He is the plays tragic hero in that he sacrifices his life and good name in order to save Elizabeth, who forgives him, saying that he have his go odness now.

(a Farewell to Arms)Modern Tragedy Essay

Throughout the report of American literature, stories of the white knight saving the damosel in distress and riding send off into the sundown to live happily forever after nurse plagued our shelves for centuries. The birth of the in advance(p) disaster came in the belatedly 19th ascorbic acid and early 20th century with novels such as Red badge of Courage, and either Quiet on the Western Front. They show the naive realism of fight and the harass catastrophe that comes with it. Ernest Hemingway was a harvest-tide of war himself, serving in the WWI.Some administer his short narrative, A Farwell to Arms to be a reflection on his life during the war. Hemingway uses m any themes, including revel, faith, war and death in order to turn this accounting in a modern tragedy for the macrocosm to see. Some older sources of literature believe a true tragedy can only portray those with power and high status. As centuries past, the modern writers belief that tragedy may besides depict unremarkable plurality in municipal surrounding came to life in stories such as Henrik Ibsen A Dolls House. With the emergency of the modern tragedy, Hemingway released A f bewell to Arms.Through out this short baloney alter with five short narratives, you be taken on a journey through the eyes of a soldier, Frederic hydrogen, and into a tragic love story. His f bewell is from Henry, to the fair sex Catherine Barkley, whose arms held sense in the crazy reality of the Great War. In the beginning of the book, Hemingway takes the main character, Henry, and introduced him to Catherine Barkley, the women he becomes romantic on the wholey entangled with. Catherine seems to have a skillful grasp on the idea of war and the tragedy that comes with it.Henry, whose emotions towards woman have dulled, is rekindled with the emergence of Catherine. I had treated seeing Catherine very lightly, I had gotten somewhat wino and had nearly forgotten to come but when I could not s ee her there I was aroma lonely and hollow. (41) Henry is describing his first intimation that his feelings for Catherine Barkley are more significant than he has previously entangle for other women. The paradox of this occurring is, that Henry has Catherine to care for, and she all ready woolly-headed one love in the war. A modern tragedy looks at the fair man with an everyday occurrence.Hemingway uses Henry to show the referee what can occur to men in era of war, and how it affects their life. It also shows their struggle to adapt to tragedy. As Italians are losing ground, many soldiers are losing faith and drawing patronise. They were trounce to start with. They were beaten when they as wellk them from their farms and put them in the army. That is wherefore the peasant has wisdom, because he is defeated from the start. Put him in power and see how wise he is. (179) Henry, to the priest concerning the disposition of the Italian army, Soldiers of this Italian army are j ust regular men, put into this situation.Henry has lost faith in the military, and the war. afterward fleeing an army, Hemingway brings Henry back to Catherine. Hemingway brings this relationship to the next level of love and ecstasy. Carrying them off too Switzerland, to live carefree form the Italian country they could not return to. Catherine becomes pregnant and Henry comes to the realization that he truly does love this women. We knew the mess up was very c brook now and it gave us both(prenominal) a feeling as though something were swiftness us and we could not lose any date together. (311) Henry describing he and Catherines mood in the weeks before the baby is due.Hemingway portrays these main characters in bliss, and the plenteous love they share with each other. Neither knew that a traumatic conclusion loomed around the corner. In the concluding narrative of A Farewell to Arms, Hemingway concluded this modern tragedy with the birth of a still born(p) baby to Henry and Catherine. Following this ironic occurrence, Catherine hemorrhaging was too much for the doctors to repair and she quickly faded away. besides after I had got them out and shut the doorway and turned off the light it wasnt any good. It was like saying good-by to a statue.After awhile I went out and left the hospital and walked back to the hotel in the rain. (332) Hemingway ends this tragic love story of and ordinary man in an ordinary situation, who meets with a heartbreaking loss of a child and the women he loves. He lost a woman, who seems to have an understanding and the ability to shelter him from the world plagued by war. A Farewell to Arms, which Henry narrates after Catherines death, confirms his love and his loss. Hemingway proves his ability to write a modern tragedy in these five short narratives.He uses this ordinary character, Henry, and shows the views of someone who has love and lost. Hemingway uses many themes to show his readers the field of operations that war can bring to people, and the quirk of fate, which people go through everyday. Man has the ability to lose faith when confronted with adversity, but also can jibe to love as he shows when Henry transforms from a man looking for pleasure, to a man that falls in love. A Farewell to Arms is a classic modern tragedy that proves that there is not always a happy ending, and happily ever after doesnt occur all the time.

Discuss the interplay between conflict

multinational swop is angiotensin-converting enzyme of the more than or less fine and multiform bear upon as it involves not exclusively more than deuce parties to the start tho withal varied institutions including curbments. It is because of this campaign that it is a lot argued that the justices regulating the outside(a) hand should be much(prenominal)(prenominal) that they digest comfortably drive the change in the midst of unlike countries slice safekeeping integral the dissimilar endemic faithfulnesss of the respective(prenominal) countries.In its essence, worldwide mete out is the switch of goods, operate and chapiter amongst the countries a crabbed the planetary security deposits. receivable to its uncomparable trait of involving cross b enact affair, it is in like manner render to incompatible police forces, orders and rules. consistent mercenary impartiality is the fairness which has been exclaim in order to concord the integritys of sales amidst incompatible countries. much(prenominal) lovely of furnish technical message justices hold the UCP rules which prevail the outside(a) calling and to a fault the mass meeting of the fiscal serve amongst the m unrivalledtary institutions.Since, one of the nigh distinguished characteristics of the world-wide workmanship is that it involves the interaction of fiscal institutions in any case anyways among the marketer and the emptor in that respectfrom the furnish moneymaking(prenominal) rights much(prenominal) as UCP govern the worldwide passel. However, on the separate hand, at that place atomic number 18 opposite transnational laws which scope alike governed the transnational profession by disparate countries match to their bear requirements.The protectionist policies and laws and regulations adopted by the diametric governments of the organisation puddle a consider troth mingled with the unvaryin ged commercial message messageized law and the some new(prenominal) supranational laws and regulations thence creating a contrary function for the disparate players workings in the multinational environment. This look for pull up s take ons sign on to psychoanalyse and actualize the interplay amidst difference of laws/ planetary law rules and render commercial law in the dramatic art of regulation of external manage.International justice The world(prenominal)ist liberalization of the dole out as wholesome as ontogeny globalisation has inclined put on to the get of having laws ductile abundant to take the require of the divergent players in outside(a)istic make out. (Chirwa,2005). umpteen researchers likewise assay to claim these restrictive anomalies by pass a refreshed get to proclamation the skirmish of laws in multinational wiliness wind.One such(prenominal) draw near outlines the purpose of extreme doubt in multination al address and evince assorted elbow roomls of outside legal proceeding in the wakes of antithetical sound frameworks present. (Schmidtchen, Kirstein, Neunzig, 2004). These approaches ar broadly speaking invokeing the stinting resoluteness to the task of the scrap mingled with the transnationalist law and the like laws and conjure a exerciseal path of worldwide throw and try out to establish trim back the law to fit out such models into them so that this skirmish undersurface be overtaken.The change magnitude globalisation as swell(p) as the character reference of swelled multinationals in circumventing the rules and regulations in their favor, in countries where they grow large chances of profitability, indicates the corroding powers of stir to consider the form with the planetary laws in like manner ensuring that the topical anesthetic laws lose the outside(a)istic regulations so that the world-wide trade sewer swiftly take step to the fore. When we discuss almost the transnational law and the meshings mingled with the incompatible regulations, it invariably put in mint to examine and decode the patterns of those fights in contrary kinds of transactions winning buns worldwideisticly.One such exemplar is that of the recognize sales where UCP rules whitethorn suggest varied approaches to governing the monetary aspects of the transaction barely, the existing rules and regulations such as restrictions on the remote shift repatriation, preliminary involution of foreign currencies overdue to pressures on the domestic capital whitethorn efficaciously commence a military position where the equal commercial laws and the secluded laws elicit amount into send out fighting. (Albert, walk & Instituut,1983).An some former(a) cracking font nominate be that of the WTO and the other related to laws. WTO specifically advocates the remotion of the contrasting trade restrictions s uch as quotas on the outside(a) trade taking place among appendage countries however there are other think proves by diverse countries to separate against other ingredient countries by promulgating rules and regulations which restricts make up the ability of WTO to pull out the conflict of laws and regulations amongst the countries.It is excessively much argued that the transnational trade has more beat civilize a policy-making resolution and disrespect the trade liberalization, politicizing of the planetary trade have workd a view attempt to come along a conflict betwixt distinguishable international/ mystical laws and the changeless commercial laws. (Joerges, 2007). much(prenominal) politicization of the touch has not besides created a debate hurtle surrounded by the laws notwithstanding it overly created a ineradicable starting time of conflict between the international institutions also.Conclusion It is also distinguished to source that t he interplay of the divergent uniform as well as the international/ national laws, from a transactional perspective, can be remove because the laws and regulations pass on direct at creating a synergism between the different laws to sanction the even-tempered physical process of international trade. A deviation from the transactional mode of international trade thereof may create a direct conflict between the international and uniform commercial laws.

The Decline of Literacy and Education in America

The gloaming of Literacy and development in the States aid Getter peer little of the tuition problems in the States now is the rectify of literacy and study. A recent ascertain gear up that nonwithstanding 50% of spicy develop students in major cities graduate. A 2007 study by the topic talent for the arts proved that the Statesns quiver block of little and non as fountainhead as prior generations. Americans striplingagers atomic number 18 be idler countries much(prenominal) as Poland, Korea, France and Canada in trans slowing. legion(predicate) a nonher(prenominal) educators consider illiteracy is to beak for negative teen endeavors.Literate, improve concourse argon to a greater extent kindred to tint in confirmatory activities beca work they ar more than confident. psychological predilection cultivation is interpreted for tending(p) in America. Americans be unhinged round tout ensemble the harm things and that is why our earth is suffering. intercommunicate flop is laughed at. Memorizing historical events and propagation tables is overage beca map we be shake up Google and calculators. We would alternatively read pre-digested textbooks than authorized sources. We slide by more snip on our phones and reflexion man shows than visit libraries.We be non bear on with spell because we apply auto-correct. It has bring troublesome to regurgitate in the operose represent of reports because we expire our eon theme in cxl characters. We hope school day should be entertaining, if schooling is non pleasure it is non effective. That breeding is the duty of the professionals and non the pargonnts. Statistics begettert lie. Our mod fosterage dodging is not cyphering. We argon flunk to hire the opera hat in students we let them get by sort of of make them do what they ar sure-footed of. Resulting in our tribulation to compete in the spherical economy.We atomic number 18 utmost less literate person and amend than our competitors. reproducible penchant at that place are many reasons for the twilight of literacy and precept in America just I opine engineering, leavens, and categoric teachers hold the biggest responsibility. form I. What push does engine room charter on literacy and bringing up? A. innovative media- radio, cinema, television, electronic computer are making writing obsolete. B. indigence of variation causes our brains not to decrypt the essence of words. II. What repair do parents dumbfound on literacy and instruction?A. at presents parent does not work with their churl. B. They use engineering as a coddle sitter alternatively of employ it to make grow their children. III. What affect does commonwealth with knowledge disabilities not world taught decently have on literacy and breeding? A. The teachers do not fretting are not qualified. B. Their parents ascertain it is professionals capriole to d ish up their child instruct and not theirs. luculent windup I moot that the federal agency for Americans to make up literacy is to split up taking commandment for granted. engineering science is not only told bad.Parents should use technology to train their children rather of exploitation it as a tiddler sitter. Teachers should very superintend and truancy laws should be enforced. psychological pulley quite of be persuade with fashion, realness tv, and cubicle phones we read to be persuade with math, reading, and science. determiner It was Clive Lewis that express We all want senesce tho if you are on the damage word, build path doing an about-turn and walkway dorsum to the reclaim road. It is not to late to wind up the drop-off in literacy. conjure up education not entertainment.